BIOS 256 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IV
WITH LAB FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS EXAM PREP
◉ Where are the kidneys located?
Posterior thoracic cavity
Anterior abdominal cavity
Posterior abdominal cavity
Inferior pelvic cavity
Inferior abdominal cavity. Answer: Posterior abdominal cavity.
◉ Which body fluid is filtered by the kidneys?
Bile
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Saliva
Feces. Answer: Blood
◉ Each of these organs is a component of the urinary system, except
the
kidney
,urinary bladder
rectum
ureter
urethra. Answer: rectum
◉ Determine if the statement is describing the ureter or the urethra.
Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: urethra or ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: urethra or
ureter. Answer: Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder:
Ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: Urethra
The ureter and urethra are two structures that are commonly confused
due to their similarity in spelling. The ureters are paired muscular
tubes that will carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The urethra
is a single tube that will carry urine out of the bladder towards the
environment.
◉ Which hormones are secreted by the kidneys? Select all that apply.
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Aldosterone
Angiotensin II. Answer: Renin
Erythropoietin
,Calcitriol
Aldosterone is secreted by the suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
Angiotensin II is a blood pressure-regulating hormone that requires
activation of angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin-converting
enzymes.
◉ The renal veins drain into the
renal arteries
inferior vena cava
segmental arteries
superior vena cava
abdominal aorta. Answer: Inferior vena cava
Veins do not drain into the arteries but rather into other veins until the
blood reaches the heart. The superior vena cava drains structures from
above the heart whereas the kidneys are found in the abdominal
cavity.
◉ Which component of the kidney is responsible for the filtration of
blood plasma?
Nephron tubule
Nephron loop
Renal capsule
Collecting duct
, Renal corpuscle. Answer: Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of three filtration membranes: the
fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the basal
lamina, and the filtration slits created by the podocytes of the
glomerular capsule.
The nephron tubule, nephron loop, and collecting duct will participate
in reabsorption and excretion. The renal capsule acts as a protective
structure around the outside of the kidney.
◉ Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by
the blood vessels
the lymphatics
the ureters
the urethra
the renal cortex. Answer: The ureters
Note that although the ureters and urethra look similar in name, they
are very different. The ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys and drain urine into the bladder, whereas the urethra carries
urine from the bladder to the outside.
Blood vessels can conduct blood to the kidney, but not the urine.
Lymphatic vessels can aid in electrolyte balance, but not urine
transport. The renal cortex is an internal structure of the kidneys but
does not carry urine.
WITH LAB FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS EXAM PREP
◉ Where are the kidneys located?
Posterior thoracic cavity
Anterior abdominal cavity
Posterior abdominal cavity
Inferior pelvic cavity
Inferior abdominal cavity. Answer: Posterior abdominal cavity.
◉ Which body fluid is filtered by the kidneys?
Bile
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Saliva
Feces. Answer: Blood
◉ Each of these organs is a component of the urinary system, except
the
kidney
,urinary bladder
rectum
ureter
urethra. Answer: rectum
◉ Determine if the statement is describing the ureter or the urethra.
Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: urethra or ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: urethra or
ureter. Answer: Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder:
Ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: Urethra
The ureter and urethra are two structures that are commonly confused
due to their similarity in spelling. The ureters are paired muscular
tubes that will carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The urethra
is a single tube that will carry urine out of the bladder towards the
environment.
◉ Which hormones are secreted by the kidneys? Select all that apply.
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Aldosterone
Angiotensin II. Answer: Renin
Erythropoietin
,Calcitriol
Aldosterone is secreted by the suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
Angiotensin II is a blood pressure-regulating hormone that requires
activation of angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin-converting
enzymes.
◉ The renal veins drain into the
renal arteries
inferior vena cava
segmental arteries
superior vena cava
abdominal aorta. Answer: Inferior vena cava
Veins do not drain into the arteries but rather into other veins until the
blood reaches the heart. The superior vena cava drains structures from
above the heart whereas the kidneys are found in the abdominal
cavity.
◉ Which component of the kidney is responsible for the filtration of
blood plasma?
Nephron tubule
Nephron loop
Renal capsule
Collecting duct
, Renal corpuscle. Answer: Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of three filtration membranes: the
fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the basal
lamina, and the filtration slits created by the podocytes of the
glomerular capsule.
The nephron tubule, nephron loop, and collecting duct will participate
in reabsorption and excretion. The renal capsule acts as a protective
structure around the outside of the kidney.
◉ Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by
the blood vessels
the lymphatics
the ureters
the urethra
the renal cortex. Answer: The ureters
Note that although the ureters and urethra look similar in name, they
are very different. The ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys and drain urine into the bladder, whereas the urethra carries
urine from the bladder to the outside.
Blood vessels can conduct blood to the kidney, but not the urine.
Lymphatic vessels can aid in electrolyte balance, but not urine
transport. The renal cortex is an internal structure of the kidneys but
does not carry urine.
