ADVANCED FETAL MONITORING EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
LATEST UPDATE 2026 GRADED A+
Where is the baseline FHR regulated? - ANSWER - Intrinsic cardiac pacemakers, SA
node (110-160bpm) and AV node (40-60bpm)
Baseline FHR decreases with gestational age due to... - ANSWER - Increasing
parasympathetic tone
At what gestational age are FHR accelerations expected to be 15x15? - ANSWER -
32 weeks. Under 32 weeks, 10x10 is acceptable.
There should be a systematic assessment of woman and fetus. When an abnormal
finding occurs, assessment and plans should be... - ANSWER - determined and
documented
Documentation should occur when utilizing auscultation, as there is no
record. - ANSWER - concurrently and electronic
Any communication with any provider should be... - ANSWER - Documented!
Two limitations of the ultrasound transducer are:
A. It is invasive and can cause infection
B. It may half-count the FHR and it can double-count the FHR
C. It will not count MHR and record maternal respirations - ANSWER - B. It may half-
count the FHR and it can double-count the FHR
pg. 1
,The tocotransducer provides all of the following information except:
A. Frequency and duration of contractions
B. Interval and timing of contractions
C. Intensity and resting tone of the uterus - ANSWER - C. Intensity and resting tone of the
uterus
The direct fetal electrode is applied directly to the fetus and requires:
A. Determination of presenting part, cervical dilation, and station
B. The presence of active labor
C. Determination of cervical dilation and position - ANSWER - A. Determination of
presenting part, cervical dilation, and station
The IUPC records:
A. The frequency and duration of the contractions
B. The frequency, duration, and intensity of the contractions
C. The frequency, duration, intensity of the contractions, and uterine resting tone -
ANSWER - C. The frequency, duration, intensity of the contractions, and uterine
resting tone
The limitations of the technique of ultrasound for acquiring FHR data include:
A. FHR above 180-200bpm may be "half-counted"
B. FHR below 50BPM may be "double-counted"
C. An unsatisfactory tracing due to poor signal acquisition due to maternal obesity,
increased maternal movement, or increased fetal movement
D. Recording MHR instead of FHR
E. All of the above - ANSWER - E. All of the above
The direct FSE records every fetal heartbeat, but it is still possible for it to:
A. Half-count the FHR if the rate is higher than 180-20bpm
B. Double-count the FHR if the rate is below 50bpm
C. Record MHR if it is stronger than the FHR - ANSWER - A. Half-count the FHR if the
rate is higher than 180-20bpm
pg. 2
,One limitation of the direct FSE is:
A. There will always be localized fetal infection at the site of application
B. The mother must be in active labor before it can be applied
C. It may record MHR when there is a fetal demise - ANSWER - C. It may record MHR
when there is a fetal demise
The tocotransducer records uterine activity and provides a recording of:
A. The frequency of contractions and duration of contractions
B. The intensity of contractions and resting tone of the uterus
C. The resting tone of the uterus - ANSWER - A. The frequency of contractions
and duration of contractions
The IUPC also records:
A. The cervical dilation
B. The baseline resting tone and intensity of contractions
C. Fetal oxygenation - ANSWER - B. The baseline resting tone and intensity of contractions
Standards of care are established by all of the following except:
A. Professional organizational guidelines
B. State regulations
C. Hospital policies and procedures
D. Research and education
E. The local news
F. What another reasonable and prudent professional with the same or similar
background and education would do in the same or similar situation - ANSWER
- E. The local news
The primary source of oxygen for the fetus is:
A. The fetal lungs
B. The maternal pulmonary artery
pg. 3
, C. The maternal respiratory system - ANSWER - C. The maternal respiratory system
Fetal oxygenation can be seriously jeopardized by:
A. Maternal breath holding
B. Maternal hypotension
C. Maternal neurologic disease - ANSWER - B. Maternal hypotension (Low BP =
decreased maternal perfusion = decreased shift to placenta blood-blood barrier =
less O2 to fetus
Fetal chemoreceptors are stimulated by:
A. An increase in CO2
B. A decrease in CO2
C. An increase in O2 - ANSWER - A. An increase in CO2
When chemoreceptors are stimulated, the FHR will:
A. Decrease or decelerate
B. Increase of accelerate
C. Increase or decrease - ANSWER - C. Increase or decrease
When fetal baroreceptors are stimulated by rising pressure, the FHR will:
A. Decrease or decelerate
B. Increase or accelerate
C. Remain stable - ANSWER - A. Decrease or decelerate
Uterine blood flow through the placenta can be decreased by:
A. Maternal hyper-oxygenation
B. Maternal hypotension
C. Contractions that last 35 seconds - ANSWER - B. Maternal hypotension
pg. 4
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
LATEST UPDATE 2026 GRADED A+
Where is the baseline FHR regulated? - ANSWER - Intrinsic cardiac pacemakers, SA
node (110-160bpm) and AV node (40-60bpm)
Baseline FHR decreases with gestational age due to... - ANSWER - Increasing
parasympathetic tone
At what gestational age are FHR accelerations expected to be 15x15? - ANSWER -
32 weeks. Under 32 weeks, 10x10 is acceptable.
There should be a systematic assessment of woman and fetus. When an abnormal
finding occurs, assessment and plans should be... - ANSWER - determined and
documented
Documentation should occur when utilizing auscultation, as there is no
record. - ANSWER - concurrently and electronic
Any communication with any provider should be... - ANSWER - Documented!
Two limitations of the ultrasound transducer are:
A. It is invasive and can cause infection
B. It may half-count the FHR and it can double-count the FHR
C. It will not count MHR and record maternal respirations - ANSWER - B. It may half-
count the FHR and it can double-count the FHR
pg. 1
,The tocotransducer provides all of the following information except:
A. Frequency and duration of contractions
B. Interval and timing of contractions
C. Intensity and resting tone of the uterus - ANSWER - C. Intensity and resting tone of the
uterus
The direct fetal electrode is applied directly to the fetus and requires:
A. Determination of presenting part, cervical dilation, and station
B. The presence of active labor
C. Determination of cervical dilation and position - ANSWER - A. Determination of
presenting part, cervical dilation, and station
The IUPC records:
A. The frequency and duration of the contractions
B. The frequency, duration, and intensity of the contractions
C. The frequency, duration, intensity of the contractions, and uterine resting tone -
ANSWER - C. The frequency, duration, intensity of the contractions, and uterine
resting tone
The limitations of the technique of ultrasound for acquiring FHR data include:
A. FHR above 180-200bpm may be "half-counted"
B. FHR below 50BPM may be "double-counted"
C. An unsatisfactory tracing due to poor signal acquisition due to maternal obesity,
increased maternal movement, or increased fetal movement
D. Recording MHR instead of FHR
E. All of the above - ANSWER - E. All of the above
The direct FSE records every fetal heartbeat, but it is still possible for it to:
A. Half-count the FHR if the rate is higher than 180-20bpm
B. Double-count the FHR if the rate is below 50bpm
C. Record MHR if it is stronger than the FHR - ANSWER - A. Half-count the FHR if the
rate is higher than 180-20bpm
pg. 2
,One limitation of the direct FSE is:
A. There will always be localized fetal infection at the site of application
B. The mother must be in active labor before it can be applied
C. It may record MHR when there is a fetal demise - ANSWER - C. It may record MHR
when there is a fetal demise
The tocotransducer records uterine activity and provides a recording of:
A. The frequency of contractions and duration of contractions
B. The intensity of contractions and resting tone of the uterus
C. The resting tone of the uterus - ANSWER - A. The frequency of contractions
and duration of contractions
The IUPC also records:
A. The cervical dilation
B. The baseline resting tone and intensity of contractions
C. Fetal oxygenation - ANSWER - B. The baseline resting tone and intensity of contractions
Standards of care are established by all of the following except:
A. Professional organizational guidelines
B. State regulations
C. Hospital policies and procedures
D. Research and education
E. The local news
F. What another reasonable and prudent professional with the same or similar
background and education would do in the same or similar situation - ANSWER
- E. The local news
The primary source of oxygen for the fetus is:
A. The fetal lungs
B. The maternal pulmonary artery
pg. 3
, C. The maternal respiratory system - ANSWER - C. The maternal respiratory system
Fetal oxygenation can be seriously jeopardized by:
A. Maternal breath holding
B. Maternal hypotension
C. Maternal neurologic disease - ANSWER - B. Maternal hypotension (Low BP =
decreased maternal perfusion = decreased shift to placenta blood-blood barrier =
less O2 to fetus
Fetal chemoreceptors are stimulated by:
A. An increase in CO2
B. A decrease in CO2
C. An increase in O2 - ANSWER - A. An increase in CO2
When chemoreceptors are stimulated, the FHR will:
A. Decrease or decelerate
B. Increase of accelerate
C. Increase or decrease - ANSWER - C. Increase or decrease
When fetal baroreceptors are stimulated by rising pressure, the FHR will:
A. Decrease or decelerate
B. Increase or accelerate
C. Remain stable - ANSWER - A. Decrease or decelerate
Uterine blood flow through the placenta can be decreased by:
A. Maternal hyper-oxygenation
B. Maternal hypotension
C. Contractions that last 35 seconds - ANSWER - B. Maternal hypotension
pg. 4
