NSG 3280 Exam 1 Galen
Pathophysiology – (2026/2027) Actual
Questions, Verified Answers with
Rationales | Guarantee Pass
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Q1: The study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of
disease is called:
A) Physiology
B) Pathophysiology
C) Anatomy
D) Etiology
Correct Answer: B) Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes that occur in the
body as a result of disease. It serves as the bridge between basic sciences
(anatomy, physiology) and clinical practice .
Q2: The term "etiology" refers to:
A) The cause of a disease
B) The clinical manifestations of a disease
C) The study of disease
D) The diagnosis of a disease
Correct Answer: A) The cause of a disease
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or reasons for a disease. Etiologic
factors can be biological, chemical, physical, genetic, or psychological in nature .
,Q3: The term "pathogenesis" refers to:
A) The cause of a disease
B) The development and progression of a disease
C) The predicted outcome of a disease
D) The structural changes in tissues
Correct Answer: B) The development and progression of a disease
Rationale: Pathogenesis describes the sequence of events from the initial
stimulus to the full expression of the disease, encompassing the entire course of
the disease process .
Q4: A client has been diagnosed with an illness and no one is sure of the cause.
What term describes this condition?
A) Idiopathic
B) Iatrogenic
C) Nosocomial
D) Etiologic
Correct Answer: A) Idiopathic
Rationale: Idiopathic means the cause of the disease is unknown. Iatrogenic
implies the condition was caused by medical treatment, and nosocomial refers to
hospital-acquired infections .
Q5: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes is known as:
A) Allostasis
B) Homeostasis
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B) Homeostasis
,Rationale: Homeostasis is the dynamic equilibrium of the body's internal
conditions. It is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms that keep
physiological parameters within a normal range .
Q6: When homeostasis is disrupted, the body attempts to restore it through:
A) Apoptosis
B) Necrosis
C) Adaptation
D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C) Adaptation
Rationale: When homeostasis is disrupted, the body attempts to restore it
through adaptation. If adaptation fails, cell injury and death may occur .
Q7: Which concept is often equated with health?
A) Homeostasis
B) Disease
C) Objectivity
D) Uneventful physical examination
Correct Answer: A) Homeostasis
Rationale: Health is often viewed as the body's ability to maintain stable internal
conditions (homeostasis) despite external or internal stressors .
Q8: A patient reports feeling tired and achy for several days. The nurse
documents these as:
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Complications
D) Sequelae
Correct Answer: B) Symptoms
, Rationale: Symptoms are subjective experiences reported by the patient, such as
fatigue and pain. Signs are objective findings observed by the examiner .
Q9: A nurse notes that a patient has an elevated temperature of 101.5°F and a
swollen, red joint. These findings are classified as:
A) Symptoms
B) Risk factors
C) Signs
D) Sequelae
Correct Answer: C) Signs
Rationale: Signs are objective, measurable indications of disease observed by the
healthcare provider, such as fever and swelling. Symptoms are subjective reports
from the patient .
Q10: Redness and swelling confined to a surgical incision are examples of which
type of manifestation?
A) Systemic
B) Prodromal
C) Latent
D) Local
Correct Answer: D) Local
Rationale: Local manifestations are confined to the site of injury or disease.
Systemic manifestations affect the entire body .
Q11: A disease that is native to a particular region is called:
A) Epidemic
B) Endemic
C) Pandemic
D) Ethnographic
Correct Answer: B) Endemic
Pathophysiology – (2026/2027) Actual
Questions, Verified Answers with
Rationales | Guarantee Pass
SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Q1: The study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of
disease is called:
A) Physiology
B) Pathophysiology
C) Anatomy
D) Etiology
Correct Answer: B) Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes that occur in the
body as a result of disease. It serves as the bridge between basic sciences
(anatomy, physiology) and clinical practice .
Q2: The term "etiology" refers to:
A) The cause of a disease
B) The clinical manifestations of a disease
C) The study of disease
D) The diagnosis of a disease
Correct Answer: A) The cause of a disease
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or reasons for a disease. Etiologic
factors can be biological, chemical, physical, genetic, or psychological in nature .
,Q3: The term "pathogenesis" refers to:
A) The cause of a disease
B) The development and progression of a disease
C) The predicted outcome of a disease
D) The structural changes in tissues
Correct Answer: B) The development and progression of a disease
Rationale: Pathogenesis describes the sequence of events from the initial
stimulus to the full expression of the disease, encompassing the entire course of
the disease process .
Q4: A client has been diagnosed with an illness and no one is sure of the cause.
What term describes this condition?
A) Idiopathic
B) Iatrogenic
C) Nosocomial
D) Etiologic
Correct Answer: A) Idiopathic
Rationale: Idiopathic means the cause of the disease is unknown. Iatrogenic
implies the condition was caused by medical treatment, and nosocomial refers to
hospital-acquired infections .
Q5: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes is known as:
A) Allostasis
B) Homeostasis
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B) Homeostasis
,Rationale: Homeostasis is the dynamic equilibrium of the body's internal
conditions. It is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms that keep
physiological parameters within a normal range .
Q6: When homeostasis is disrupted, the body attempts to restore it through:
A) Apoptosis
B) Necrosis
C) Adaptation
D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C) Adaptation
Rationale: When homeostasis is disrupted, the body attempts to restore it
through adaptation. If adaptation fails, cell injury and death may occur .
Q7: Which concept is often equated with health?
A) Homeostasis
B) Disease
C) Objectivity
D) Uneventful physical examination
Correct Answer: A) Homeostasis
Rationale: Health is often viewed as the body's ability to maintain stable internal
conditions (homeostasis) despite external or internal stressors .
Q8: A patient reports feeling tired and achy for several days. The nurse
documents these as:
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Complications
D) Sequelae
Correct Answer: B) Symptoms
, Rationale: Symptoms are subjective experiences reported by the patient, such as
fatigue and pain. Signs are objective findings observed by the examiner .
Q9: A nurse notes that a patient has an elevated temperature of 101.5°F and a
swollen, red joint. These findings are classified as:
A) Symptoms
B) Risk factors
C) Signs
D) Sequelae
Correct Answer: C) Signs
Rationale: Signs are objective, measurable indications of disease observed by the
healthcare provider, such as fever and swelling. Symptoms are subjective reports
from the patient .
Q10: Redness and swelling confined to a surgical incision are examples of which
type of manifestation?
A) Systemic
B) Prodromal
C) Latent
D) Local
Correct Answer: D) Local
Rationale: Local manifestations are confined to the site of injury or disease.
Systemic manifestations affect the entire body .
Q11: A disease that is native to a particular region is called:
A) Epidemic
B) Endemic
C) Pandemic
D) Ethnographic
Correct Answer: B) Endemic
