MMSC407 Exam 2 Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Plasma protein reference values (g/dL) -
correct answer ✅Albumin: 3.5-5.0
Alpha 1 globulin: 0.1-0.3
Alpha 2 globulin: 0.6-1.0
Beta globulin: 0.7-1.1
Gamma globulin: 0.1-1.6
Serum: 6.5-8.3
Hypoproteinemia -
correct answer ✅Total protein level is less than reference interval.
Only condition where a neg nit. balance exists
-Absolute: Nephrotic, liver, starvation
-Relative: Salt retention, water retention
Hyperproteinemia -
correct answer ✅Excessive gamma globulins
Relative: dehydration
Abs: Multi. myeloma, acute phase rxn
,MMSC407 Exam 2 Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Pre-albumin (Transthyretin) -
correct answer ✅transports thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3),
vit A
- ↑ in renal failure, alcoholism, steroids
- ↓ in hepatic damage, acute phase, inflamm.,tissue necrosis
Albumin -
correct answer ✅Highest conc plasma protein
-Intravascular: no storage, intersitital spaces
-Extra: osmotic pressure of intra fluid & fluid balance
-buffer, binds structures, negative acute phase rxn
-decrease due to: malnutrition, skin loss,liver disease, kidney loss
Total nitrogen method -
correct answer ✅sample oxidized and heated to convert nitrogen
to nitric oxide. Mixed with ozone, excited form of N dioxide. Decays
and emits chemiluminescent light with is measured. Purple =
protein present
Electrophoresis -
correct answer ✅add more H+ for net positive charge: Cation
, MMSC407 Exam 2 Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
add more OH- for net negative charge: Anion
pI 4.6 and pH buffer 8.6 -
correct answer ✅net charge negative migrate towards the anode
(positive pole)
if buffer was 4.6 = no migration no charge
total area -
correct answer ✅sum of areas under the curves
(fraction area/total) = %total
total protein * % = fraction (g/dL)
Acute phase reactants - Increase -
correct answer ✅Antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasm, C3&C4,
fibrinogen, C reactive protein
Alpha-1-antitrypsin -
correct answer ✅Protease inhibitor of neutrophil elastase.
↑: inflamm.,estrogen (preg/BC)
↓: emphysema, neonatal distress, liver disorders, pancreatitis,
protein losing disorders
Answers (Grade A+)
Plasma protein reference values (g/dL) -
correct answer ✅Albumin: 3.5-5.0
Alpha 1 globulin: 0.1-0.3
Alpha 2 globulin: 0.6-1.0
Beta globulin: 0.7-1.1
Gamma globulin: 0.1-1.6
Serum: 6.5-8.3
Hypoproteinemia -
correct answer ✅Total protein level is less than reference interval.
Only condition where a neg nit. balance exists
-Absolute: Nephrotic, liver, starvation
-Relative: Salt retention, water retention
Hyperproteinemia -
correct answer ✅Excessive gamma globulins
Relative: dehydration
Abs: Multi. myeloma, acute phase rxn
,MMSC407 Exam 2 Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Pre-albumin (Transthyretin) -
correct answer ✅transports thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3),
vit A
- ↑ in renal failure, alcoholism, steroids
- ↓ in hepatic damage, acute phase, inflamm.,tissue necrosis
Albumin -
correct answer ✅Highest conc plasma protein
-Intravascular: no storage, intersitital spaces
-Extra: osmotic pressure of intra fluid & fluid balance
-buffer, binds structures, negative acute phase rxn
-decrease due to: malnutrition, skin loss,liver disease, kidney loss
Total nitrogen method -
correct answer ✅sample oxidized and heated to convert nitrogen
to nitric oxide. Mixed with ozone, excited form of N dioxide. Decays
and emits chemiluminescent light with is measured. Purple =
protein present
Electrophoresis -
correct answer ✅add more H+ for net positive charge: Cation
, MMSC407 Exam 2 Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
add more OH- for net negative charge: Anion
pI 4.6 and pH buffer 8.6 -
correct answer ✅net charge negative migrate towards the anode
(positive pole)
if buffer was 4.6 = no migration no charge
total area -
correct answer ✅sum of areas under the curves
(fraction area/total) = %total
total protein * % = fraction (g/dL)
Acute phase reactants - Increase -
correct answer ✅Antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasm, C3&C4,
fibrinogen, C reactive protein
Alpha-1-antitrypsin -
correct answer ✅Protease inhibitor of neutrophil elastase.
↑: inflamm.,estrogen (preg/BC)
↓: emphysema, neonatal distress, liver disorders, pancreatitis,
protein losing disorders
