NUR 203/NUR203 Final Exam V1 | Pediatric
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for developmental milestones. According to Erikson,
which psychosocial stage is this child currently navigating?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The toddler stage, spanning ages 1 to 3 years, focuses on achieving a sense of
independence and self-control. Successfully navigating this stage leads to the virtue of will
and self-confidence. If a child is overly restrained or punished, they may develop a sense of
shame and doubt regarding their abilities.
2. A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. The nurse should expect
the infant’s weight to have changed in what way since birth?
A. Tripled in weight
B. Doubled in weight
C. Increased by 5 pounds
D. Remained the same as the 4-month visit
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In normal pediatric growth patterns, an infant usually doubles their birth
weight by the age of 5 to 6 months. By one year of age, the birth weight is typically expected
to triple. Monitoring weight gain is a critical indicator of nutritional status and general
health in the first year of life.
3. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the
following nursing actions is contraindicated?
A. Assisting the child into a tripod position
B. Preparing for emergency intubation
C. Using a tongue blade to visualize the throat
D. Administering humidified oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Visualizing the throat with a tongue blade or performing a throat culture can
trigger a laryngospasm in a child with epiglottitis, leading to immediate airway obstruction.
The nurse should keep the child as calm as possible and avoid any invasive procedures in
the oropharynx. Medical management focuses on maintaining a patent airway and
administering antibiotics.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of a child experiencing intussusception?
A. Red, jelly-like stools containing blood and mucus
B. Projectile, non-bilious vomiting
, C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
D. Pain in the lower right quadrant with rebound tenderness
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the bowel telescopes into
another, leading to lymphatic and venous obstruction. This results in the classic ‘currant
jelly’ stools, which are composed of blood and mucus from the intestinal wall. Prompt
diagnosis and treatment, often via an air or barium enema, are necessary to prevent bowel
necrosis.
5. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about the administration of
pancreatic enzymes. Which instruction should be included?
A. Administer enzymes only once a day in the morning
B. Skip the enzymes if the child is having a fatty stool
C. Mix the enzymes into hot oatmeal or soup
D. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with every meal and snack to ensure the
digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Because children with Cystic
Fibrosis have blocked pancreatic ducts, they cannot naturally release these enzymes into
the duodenum. Consistent enzyme replacement therapy helps manage malabsorption and
promotes weight gain.
Nursing Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for developmental milestones. According to Erikson,
which psychosocial stage is this child currently navigating?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The toddler stage, spanning ages 1 to 3 years, focuses on achieving a sense of
independence and self-control. Successfully navigating this stage leads to the virtue of will
and self-confidence. If a child is overly restrained or punished, they may develop a sense of
shame and doubt regarding their abilities.
2. A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. The nurse should expect
the infant’s weight to have changed in what way since birth?
A. Tripled in weight
B. Doubled in weight
C. Increased by 5 pounds
D. Remained the same as the 4-month visit
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In normal pediatric growth patterns, an infant usually doubles their birth
weight by the age of 5 to 6 months. By one year of age, the birth weight is typically expected
to triple. Monitoring weight gain is a critical indicator of nutritional status and general
health in the first year of life.
3. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the
following nursing actions is contraindicated?
A. Assisting the child into a tripod position
B. Preparing for emergency intubation
C. Using a tongue blade to visualize the throat
D. Administering humidified oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Visualizing the throat with a tongue blade or performing a throat culture can
trigger a laryngospasm in a child with epiglottitis, leading to immediate airway obstruction.
The nurse should keep the child as calm as possible and avoid any invasive procedures in
the oropharynx. Medical management focuses on maintaining a patent airway and
administering antibiotics.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of a child experiencing intussusception?
A. Red, jelly-like stools containing blood and mucus
B. Projectile, non-bilious vomiting
, C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
D. Pain in the lower right quadrant with rebound tenderness
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the bowel telescopes into
another, leading to lymphatic and venous obstruction. This results in the classic ‘currant
jelly’ stools, which are composed of blood and mucus from the intestinal wall. Prompt
diagnosis and treatment, often via an air or barium enema, are necessary to prevent bowel
necrosis.
5. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about the administration of
pancreatic enzymes. Which instruction should be included?
A. Administer enzymes only once a day in the morning
B. Skip the enzymes if the child is having a fatty stool
C. Mix the enzymes into hot oatmeal or soup
D. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with every meal and snack to ensure the
digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Because children with Cystic
Fibrosis have blocked pancreatic ducts, they cannot naturally release these enzymes into
the duodenum. Consistent enzyme replacement therapy helps manage malabsorption and
promotes weight gain.
