EMERGENCY CARE AND TRANSPORTATION OF
THE SICK AND INJURED 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN
◉ What are the key developments in the history of EMS?
Answer: The establishment of prehospital systems, the introduction
of civilian ambulance services, and the evolution of medical care
during the 1900s.
◉ Who is credited with establishing the first prehospital system?
Answer: Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, chief physician in Napoleon's
army.
◉ What year did civilian ambulance services begin in Cincinnati and
New York City?
Answer: Cincinnati in 1865 and New York City in 1869.
◉ What was significant about the ambulance introduced in 1899?
Answer: It was the first operated automobile-type ambulance,
coming from Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago.
,◉ What major shift occurred in EMS during the 1940s?
Answer: The role of EMS was turned over to fire and police
departments due to a shortage of medical personnel.
◉ What are the five main types of services that provide emergency
medical care?
Answer: Fire-based services, hospital-based services, private
ambulance services, volunteer services, and government-operated
services.
◉ What is the role of the National EMS Scope of Practice Model?
Answer: To define the skills and competencies expected of EMS
personnel at various education levels.
◉ What are the EMS education levels?
Answer: Emergency Medical Responder, Emergency Medical
Technician, Advanced Emergency Medical Technician, and
Paramedic.
◉ What is the importance of continuing education for paramedics?
Answer: To ensure that paramedics stay updated with the latest
practices and knowledge in the evolving field of EMS.
◉ What types of transports may a paramedic perform?
,Answer: Transports to specialty centers and interfacility transports.
◉ What is the paramedic's role in working with other healthcare
providers?
Answer: To collaborate and coordinate care with other healthcare
professionals and public safety agencies.
◉ What attributes are expected of a paramedic?
Answer: Compassion, critical thinking, physical stamina, and the
ability to work under pressure.
◉ What are the roles and responsibilities of a paramedic?
Answer: Providing emergency medical care, transporting patients,
and coordinating with other healthcare providers.
◉ What is the purpose of the EMS continuous quality improvement
(CQI) process?
Answer: To enhance the quality of care provided by EMS through
ongoing evaluation and improvement.
◉ What are some examples of how errors can be prevented in EMS
care?
Answer: Implementing protocols, conducting regular training, and
utilizing checklists.
, ◉ What is evidence-based medicine in the context of EMS?
Answer: The integration of clinical expertise with the best available
research evidence to guide decision-making.
◉ What is peer-reviewed literature and its relevance to paramedics?
Answer: Research that has been evaluated by experts in the field,
providing reliable information for paramedics to inform their
practice.
◉ What is reciprocity in emergency medical care?
Answer: The recognition of a certification or license from one
jurisdiction by another, allowing practice across state lines.
◉ What are the critical points in the EMS system?
Answer: Coordination among prehospital care, emergency
department providers, and other healthcare services.
◉ What is the significance of medical direction in an EMS system?
Answer: It provides oversight and guidance for paramedics in
delivering appropriate care.
◉ How does the public's perception of EMS affect paramedics?
THE SICK AND INJURED 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN
◉ What are the key developments in the history of EMS?
Answer: The establishment of prehospital systems, the introduction
of civilian ambulance services, and the evolution of medical care
during the 1900s.
◉ Who is credited with establishing the first prehospital system?
Answer: Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, chief physician in Napoleon's
army.
◉ What year did civilian ambulance services begin in Cincinnati and
New York City?
Answer: Cincinnati in 1865 and New York City in 1869.
◉ What was significant about the ambulance introduced in 1899?
Answer: It was the first operated automobile-type ambulance,
coming from Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago.
,◉ What major shift occurred in EMS during the 1940s?
Answer: The role of EMS was turned over to fire and police
departments due to a shortage of medical personnel.
◉ What are the five main types of services that provide emergency
medical care?
Answer: Fire-based services, hospital-based services, private
ambulance services, volunteer services, and government-operated
services.
◉ What is the role of the National EMS Scope of Practice Model?
Answer: To define the skills and competencies expected of EMS
personnel at various education levels.
◉ What are the EMS education levels?
Answer: Emergency Medical Responder, Emergency Medical
Technician, Advanced Emergency Medical Technician, and
Paramedic.
◉ What is the importance of continuing education for paramedics?
Answer: To ensure that paramedics stay updated with the latest
practices and knowledge in the evolving field of EMS.
◉ What types of transports may a paramedic perform?
,Answer: Transports to specialty centers and interfacility transports.
◉ What is the paramedic's role in working with other healthcare
providers?
Answer: To collaborate and coordinate care with other healthcare
professionals and public safety agencies.
◉ What attributes are expected of a paramedic?
Answer: Compassion, critical thinking, physical stamina, and the
ability to work under pressure.
◉ What are the roles and responsibilities of a paramedic?
Answer: Providing emergency medical care, transporting patients,
and coordinating with other healthcare providers.
◉ What is the purpose of the EMS continuous quality improvement
(CQI) process?
Answer: To enhance the quality of care provided by EMS through
ongoing evaluation and improvement.
◉ What are some examples of how errors can be prevented in EMS
care?
Answer: Implementing protocols, conducting regular training, and
utilizing checklists.
, ◉ What is evidence-based medicine in the context of EMS?
Answer: The integration of clinical expertise with the best available
research evidence to guide decision-making.
◉ What is peer-reviewed literature and its relevance to paramedics?
Answer: Research that has been evaluated by experts in the field,
providing reliable information for paramedics to inform their
practice.
◉ What is reciprocity in emergency medical care?
Answer: The recognition of a certification or license from one
jurisdiction by another, allowing practice across state lines.
◉ What are the critical points in the EMS system?
Answer: Coordination among prehospital care, emergency
department providers, and other healthcare services.
◉ What is the significance of medical direction in an EMS system?
Answer: It provides oversight and guidance for paramedics in
delivering appropriate care.
◉ How does the public's perception of EMS affect paramedics?
