CHEM 1307 TTU EXAM 2 – GENERAL CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & REVIEW 2026/2027
Empirical Formula - ANS ✔✔Lowest whole number of moles
ex: HO
Molecular formula - ANS ✔✔actual number of atoms each element in a molecule
ex: H2O2
Structural formula - ANS ✔✔shows relative placement and connections of atoms
ex: H-O-O-H
Steps to find empirical formula - ANS ✔✔1. find mass of each element
2. convert mass to moles
3. write preliminary formula
4. convert moles to whole numbers by dividing each subscript by the smallest number
Molecular formula structure - ANS ✔✔whole number multiple= molar mass/ empirical formula mass
Theoretical yield - ANS ✔✔amount of product calculated from the mole ratio in the balanced equation
Actual yield - ANS ✔✔amount of product actually obtained
Percent yield - ANS ✔✔actual yield expressed as a percentage: % yield= (actual yield/ theoretical
yield)x100%
Mass of element equation - ANS ✔✔Mass compound x (mass of 1 mol of element/ mass of 1 mole of
compound)
Solute - ANS ✔✔solution consists of smaller quantity of substance
Solvent - ANS ✔✔solution substance was dissolved in
Dissolution - ANS ✔✔occurs because attraction between each type of ion and several H2O molecules
outweigh the attractions between the ion themselves
Molarity equation - ANS ✔✔mole of solute/ L of solution
Soluble compounds - ANS ✔✔All:
Group 1A element (Li+, Na+,K+, Rb+, Cs+, and Fr+)
ammonium ions (NH4+)
nitrates (NO3-)
acetates(CH3COO- or C2H3O2-)
perchlorates (ClO4-)
chlorides (Cl-)
bromides (Br-)
, iodides (I-)
flourides (F-)
sulfate (SO4-)
Insoluble compounds - ANS ✔✔All:
metal hydroxides
carbonate (CO3 2-)
phosphates (PO4-)
sulfides (S2-)
Acids - ANS ✔✔substances that produce H+ ions when dissolved in H20
Base - ANS ✔✔substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in H2O
Equivalent point - ANS ✔✔occurs when the amount of moles of H+ ions in the original volume of acid
reacted with the same amount of OH- ions
End point - ANS ✔✔occurs when tiny excess of OH- ions change the indicator permanently to its basic
color
Ionic compounds - ANS ✔✔transfer electrons
Covalent compounds - ANS ✔✔shift or share electrons
Oxidiation - ANS ✔✔the loss of electrons
Reduction - ANS ✔✔the gain of electron
Oxidizing agent - ANS ✔✔the species causing electrons to be loss
Reducaing agent - ANS ✔✔the species causing electrons to be gained
Pressure - ANS ✔✔the force exerted per unit of surface area
Pressure= Force/ area
Barometer - ANS ✔✔measures atmoshperic pressure
PHg directly proportional to - ANS ✔✔height
unit of measurement of P - ANS ✔✔mmHg
Manometer - ANS ✔✔measure of P in grams in experiment
SI unit of P - ANS ✔✔Pascal (Pa)
1 Pa= - ANS ✔✔1 N/m2
1 atm = - ANS ✔✔101.325 kPa or 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa
QUESTIONS & REVIEW 2026/2027
Empirical Formula - ANS ✔✔Lowest whole number of moles
ex: HO
Molecular formula - ANS ✔✔actual number of atoms each element in a molecule
ex: H2O2
Structural formula - ANS ✔✔shows relative placement and connections of atoms
ex: H-O-O-H
Steps to find empirical formula - ANS ✔✔1. find mass of each element
2. convert mass to moles
3. write preliminary formula
4. convert moles to whole numbers by dividing each subscript by the smallest number
Molecular formula structure - ANS ✔✔whole number multiple= molar mass/ empirical formula mass
Theoretical yield - ANS ✔✔amount of product calculated from the mole ratio in the balanced equation
Actual yield - ANS ✔✔amount of product actually obtained
Percent yield - ANS ✔✔actual yield expressed as a percentage: % yield= (actual yield/ theoretical
yield)x100%
Mass of element equation - ANS ✔✔Mass compound x (mass of 1 mol of element/ mass of 1 mole of
compound)
Solute - ANS ✔✔solution consists of smaller quantity of substance
Solvent - ANS ✔✔solution substance was dissolved in
Dissolution - ANS ✔✔occurs because attraction between each type of ion and several H2O molecules
outweigh the attractions between the ion themselves
Molarity equation - ANS ✔✔mole of solute/ L of solution
Soluble compounds - ANS ✔✔All:
Group 1A element (Li+, Na+,K+, Rb+, Cs+, and Fr+)
ammonium ions (NH4+)
nitrates (NO3-)
acetates(CH3COO- or C2H3O2-)
perchlorates (ClO4-)
chlorides (Cl-)
bromides (Br-)
, iodides (I-)
flourides (F-)
sulfate (SO4-)
Insoluble compounds - ANS ✔✔All:
metal hydroxides
carbonate (CO3 2-)
phosphates (PO4-)
sulfides (S2-)
Acids - ANS ✔✔substances that produce H+ ions when dissolved in H20
Base - ANS ✔✔substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in H2O
Equivalent point - ANS ✔✔occurs when the amount of moles of H+ ions in the original volume of acid
reacted with the same amount of OH- ions
End point - ANS ✔✔occurs when tiny excess of OH- ions change the indicator permanently to its basic
color
Ionic compounds - ANS ✔✔transfer electrons
Covalent compounds - ANS ✔✔shift or share electrons
Oxidiation - ANS ✔✔the loss of electrons
Reduction - ANS ✔✔the gain of electron
Oxidizing agent - ANS ✔✔the species causing electrons to be loss
Reducaing agent - ANS ✔✔the species causing electrons to be gained
Pressure - ANS ✔✔the force exerted per unit of surface area
Pressure= Force/ area
Barometer - ANS ✔✔measures atmoshperic pressure
PHg directly proportional to - ANS ✔✔height
unit of measurement of P - ANS ✔✔mmHg
Manometer - ANS ✔✔measure of P in grams in experiment
SI unit of P - ANS ✔✔Pascal (Pa)
1 Pa= - ANS ✔✔1 N/m2
1 atm = - ANS ✔✔101.325 kPa or 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa
