NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS


◉ "Which two vessels drain blood into the right atrium from the
upper and lower body?" Answer: "Superior vena cava (SVC) and
inferior vena cava (IVC)."


◉ "Which heart chamber receives blood from the SVC and IVC?"
Answer: "Right atrium."


◉ "Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?"
Answer: "Tricuspid valve."


◉ "Which chamber pumps blood from the right side of the heart to
the lungs?" Answer: "Right ventricle."


◉ "Which valve opens to send blood from the right ventricle into the
pulmonary trunk?" Answer: "Pulmonary (semilunar) valve."


◉ "What is the large vessel leaving the right ventricle before it splits
to each lung?" Answer: "Pulmonary trunk."

,◉ "Which vessels carry blood away from the heart to the lungs?"
Answer: "Right and left pulmonary arteries."


◉ "Where does gas exchange occur in the pulmonary circulation?"
Answer: "Lungs."


◉ "Which vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
heart?" Answer: "Pulmonary veins."


◉ "Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary
veins?" Answer: "Left atrium."


◉ "What is another name for the bicuspid valve?" Answer: "Mitral
valve."


◉ "Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?"
Answer: "Mitral (bicuspid) valve."


◉ "Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?" Answer:
"Left ventricle."


◉ "Which valve opens to send blood from the left ventricle into the
aorta?" Answer: "Aortic valve."


◉ "What is the first portion of the aorta leaving the heart called?"
Answer: "Ascending aorta."

,◉ "What is the curved portion of the aorta called?" Answer: "Aortic
arch."


◉ "List the blood flow through the heart starting at the vena cavae."
Answer: "SVC/IVC → RA → tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve →
pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins
→ LA → mitral → LV → aortic valve → aorta."


◉ "During ventricular diastole Answer: are the AV valves open or
closed?","Open."


◉ "During ventricular systole Answer: are the AV valves open or
closed?","Closed."


◉ "What causes the AV valves to close during ventricular
contraction?" Answer: "Rising ventricular pressure pushes the valves
shut to prevent backflow."


◉ "When do semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) open?"
Answer: "During ventricular systole."


◉ "Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle after
ejection?" Answer: "Aortic valve."


◉ "Which type of vessel carries blood away from the heart?" Answer:
"Arteries."

, ◉ "In pulmonary circulation Answer: which vessels carry
deoxygenated blood?","Pulmonary arteries."


◉ "In pulmonary circulation Answer: which vessels carry oxygenated
blood?","Pulmonary veins."


◉ "Which ECG component represents ventricular depolarization?"
Answer: "QRS complex."


◉ "Ventricular depolarization corresponds to what mechanical
action?" Answer: "Ventricular contraction (systole)."


◉ "What is the main function of the pericardium discussed in the
lecture?" Answer: "Reduce friction around the heart."


◉ "What is hydrostatic pressure in capillaries?" Answer: "Pressure
that pushes fluid out of capillaries into tissues."


◉ "What is osmotic (oncotic) pressure in capillaries?" Answer:
"Pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries."


◉ "Why is blood flow slower in capillaries?" Answer: "Capillaries
have the largest total cross-sectional area, which slows flow."