NR547 Final Exam 2026/2027 UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• In the 1950s, Rutgers University -✓✓ awarded the first graduate degree in
psychiatric-mental health nursing. The psychiatric mental health clinical nurse
specialist was the first master's prepared advanced practice nursing role.
• The role of the psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) -✓✓
was introduced in the 1990s and has evolved over time to incorporate a person-
centered, biopsychosocial model of care.
• Late 19th Century -✓✓ In the late 19th century, reform movements led to
changes in beliefs about the role of mental asylums in the treatment of mental
illness. Focus shifted from restrictive custodial care to treatment. Dr. Edward
Cowles created the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane
in 1882.
• Early 20th Century -✓✓ Early psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians;
however, in 1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed the first nurse-organized training
course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
• WWI -✓✓ The World Wars expanded awareness of mental health disorders and
the need for specialized nursing care. Following WWI, the National League for
Nursing Education added "nursing in nervous and mental diseases" to curriculum
guides.
• WWII, -✓✓ many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to
psychiatric concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related
neuropsychiatric conditions. Laura Fitzsimmons recommended standards of
training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and standards of
care.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• In the 1950s, Rutgers University -✓✓ awarded the first graduate degree in
psychiatric-mental health nursing. The psychiatric mental health clinical nurse
specialist was the first master's prepared advanced practice nursing role.
• The role of the psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) -✓✓
was introduced in the 1990s and has evolved over time to incorporate a person-
centered, biopsychosocial model of care.
• Late 19th Century -✓✓ In the late 19th century, reform movements led to
changes in beliefs about the role of mental asylums in the treatment of mental
illness. Focus shifted from restrictive custodial care to treatment. Dr. Edward
Cowles created the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane
in 1882.
• Early 20th Century -✓✓ Early psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians;
however, in 1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed the first nurse-organized training
course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
• WWI -✓✓ The World Wars expanded awareness of mental health disorders and
the need for specialized nursing care. Following WWI, the National League for
Nursing Education added "nursing in nervous and mental diseases" to curriculum
guides.
• WWII, -✓✓ many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to
psychiatric concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related
neuropsychiatric conditions. Laura Fitzsimmons recommended standards of
training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and standards of
care.
