CALT Exam: 2026/2027 ACTUAL TEST BANK
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
• The Big Five -✓✓ Nickname for the five essential components of effective literacy
instruction
• National Reading Panel -✓✓ outlined the give essential components of effective
literacy instruction in report (year 2000)
• What is the importance of the sound/symbol system? -✓✓ understanding
sounds/symbols enables students to sound out unfamiliar words, enables students to
build orthographic patterns, enables students to perceive larger chunks of words, and
enables students to use the context more efficiently
• Sound/symbol foundation -✓✓ phonemic awareness and instant letter recognition
• Alphabetic Principle -✓✓ a phoneme is represented by a grapheme
• phoneme -✓✓ smallest unit of sound in a word which effects meaning
• grapheme -✓✓ letter or group of letters used to represent one sound
• Reading and Written Expressive Language -✓✓ the two components of Literacy
Instruction
• Decoding and Comprehension -✓✓ the two components of reading
• Mechanics and Composition/Creativity -✓✓ the two components of Written Expressive
Language
• Opportunities and Direct Instruction -✓✓ the two components of instruction
• Decoding -✓✓ instant word recognition, phonemic awareness, sound/symbol
association (instant letter recognition), structural analysis, context
• Listening Comprehension -✓✓ oral language (most important!), world knowledge,
strategic thinking, inference making
• Fluency -✓✓ bridge between decoding and comprehension
• Comprehension -✓✓ the ultimate goal of reading
,• Instant Word Recognition -✓✓ acquired through repeated exposure to the word and
from over learning the patterns of language
• Mechanics -✓✓ sentence structure, paragraph structure, spelling, handwriting (writer
should be comfortable with spelling and handwriting)
• composition/creativity -✓✓ oral language, world knowledge, strategic thinking,
inference making
• Direct instruction components -✓✓ Multisensory teaching and discovery teaching
• Domains of language -✓✓ phonology, pragmatics, orthography, semantics, syntax,
morphology
• Interactive components of language -✓✓ Form, content (great ideas), use (spelling,
grammar, etc.)
• Which domains fall into form component of language? -✓✓ Phonology, Morphology,
Syntax, orthography
• Which domain falls into the content component of language? -✓✓ semantics
• Which domain falls into the use component of language? -✓✓ pragmatics
• Orthography is the only domain -✓✓ not developed orally first-starts at the written level
with spelling
• phonology -✓✓ refers to the SOUND STRUCTURE of a langauge; how sounds
operate. It is the unconscious set of rules that govern speech.
• Euphony -✓✓ pleasant sound; when words are formed or combined to please the ear
• phonological awareness -✓✓ knowledge of and sensitivity to the BROAD SOUND
STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
• Examples of phonological awareness activities -✓✓ rhyming, alliteration, counting
words in sentences, counting syllables in words, omitting syllables, phonemic
awareness
• Examples of phonemic awareness activities -✓✓ identifying sounds in a word,
segmenting, blending, changing sounds in words, omitting sounds in words
• morpheme -✓✓ smallest unit of language that carries meaning
, • morphology -✓✓ the study of meaningful units of language, refers to the way words
are formed and related to one another
• syntax -✓✓ refers to the grammatical structure of language
• orthography -✓✓ refers to the patterns of written language; how words are spelled:
ortho=correct, graph=writing or recording; orthography means "correct writing"; begins
at the written level
• orthographic memory -✓✓ a memory specific for letter patterns or words
• letter -✓✓ A symbol
• semantics -✓✓ refers to the meaning conveyed by language, begins at an oral level
• pragmatics -✓✓ social use of language/words in formal or informal discourse; body
language and eye contact can be a part of; begins at an oral level
• figurative language -✓✓ words or phrases that do not use the exact meanings of
words such as idioms, metaphors, and slang
• Which domains begin at an oral level? -✓✓ ALL but orthography
• Which domains deal with form? -✓✓ phonology, morphology, syntax, orthography
• Which domains deal with content? -✓✓ semantics
• Which domains deal with use? -✓✓ pragmatics
• Examples of pragmatics -✓✓ using language in specific situations, use of
conversational skills, requesting, turn taking, staying on topic (topic contingency), topic
development, understanding figurative language such as similes, metaphors, and
idioms; understanding the feelings and emotions of characters, understanding how
characters treat each other
• Examples of phonology -✓✓ phonological awareness and phonemic awareness
activities, production of sounds (phonetics)
• Examples of orthography -✓✓ sound/symbol correspondences, letter recognition,
common letter patterns for reading, syllable types, syllable division patterns, spelling
patterns, rules, irregular words, fluency
• Examples of semantics -✓✓ vocabulary knowledge, text comprehension
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
• The Big Five -✓✓ Nickname for the five essential components of effective literacy
instruction
• National Reading Panel -✓✓ outlined the give essential components of effective
literacy instruction in report (year 2000)
• What is the importance of the sound/symbol system? -✓✓ understanding
sounds/symbols enables students to sound out unfamiliar words, enables students to
build orthographic patterns, enables students to perceive larger chunks of words, and
enables students to use the context more efficiently
• Sound/symbol foundation -✓✓ phonemic awareness and instant letter recognition
• Alphabetic Principle -✓✓ a phoneme is represented by a grapheme
• phoneme -✓✓ smallest unit of sound in a word which effects meaning
• grapheme -✓✓ letter or group of letters used to represent one sound
• Reading and Written Expressive Language -✓✓ the two components of Literacy
Instruction
• Decoding and Comprehension -✓✓ the two components of reading
• Mechanics and Composition/Creativity -✓✓ the two components of Written Expressive
Language
• Opportunities and Direct Instruction -✓✓ the two components of instruction
• Decoding -✓✓ instant word recognition, phonemic awareness, sound/symbol
association (instant letter recognition), structural analysis, context
• Listening Comprehension -✓✓ oral language (most important!), world knowledge,
strategic thinking, inference making
• Fluency -✓✓ bridge between decoding and comprehension
• Comprehension -✓✓ the ultimate goal of reading
,• Instant Word Recognition -✓✓ acquired through repeated exposure to the word and
from over learning the patterns of language
• Mechanics -✓✓ sentence structure, paragraph structure, spelling, handwriting (writer
should be comfortable with spelling and handwriting)
• composition/creativity -✓✓ oral language, world knowledge, strategic thinking,
inference making
• Direct instruction components -✓✓ Multisensory teaching and discovery teaching
• Domains of language -✓✓ phonology, pragmatics, orthography, semantics, syntax,
morphology
• Interactive components of language -✓✓ Form, content (great ideas), use (spelling,
grammar, etc.)
• Which domains fall into form component of language? -✓✓ Phonology, Morphology,
Syntax, orthography
• Which domain falls into the content component of language? -✓✓ semantics
• Which domain falls into the use component of language? -✓✓ pragmatics
• Orthography is the only domain -✓✓ not developed orally first-starts at the written level
with spelling
• phonology -✓✓ refers to the SOUND STRUCTURE of a langauge; how sounds
operate. It is the unconscious set of rules that govern speech.
• Euphony -✓✓ pleasant sound; when words are formed or combined to please the ear
• phonological awareness -✓✓ knowledge of and sensitivity to the BROAD SOUND
STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
• Examples of phonological awareness activities -✓✓ rhyming, alliteration, counting
words in sentences, counting syllables in words, omitting syllables, phonemic
awareness
• Examples of phonemic awareness activities -✓✓ identifying sounds in a word,
segmenting, blending, changing sounds in words, omitting sounds in words
• morpheme -✓✓ smallest unit of language that carries meaning
, • morphology -✓✓ the study of meaningful units of language, refers to the way words
are formed and related to one another
• syntax -✓✓ refers to the grammatical structure of language
• orthography -✓✓ refers to the patterns of written language; how words are spelled:
ortho=correct, graph=writing or recording; orthography means "correct writing"; begins
at the written level
• orthographic memory -✓✓ a memory specific for letter patterns or words
• letter -✓✓ A symbol
• semantics -✓✓ refers to the meaning conveyed by language, begins at an oral level
• pragmatics -✓✓ social use of language/words in formal or informal discourse; body
language and eye contact can be a part of; begins at an oral level
• figurative language -✓✓ words or phrases that do not use the exact meanings of
words such as idioms, metaphors, and slang
• Which domains begin at an oral level? -✓✓ ALL but orthography
• Which domains deal with form? -✓✓ phonology, morphology, syntax, orthography
• Which domains deal with content? -✓✓ semantics
• Which domains deal with use? -✓✓ pragmatics
• Examples of pragmatics -✓✓ using language in specific situations, use of
conversational skills, requesting, turn taking, staying on topic (topic contingency), topic
development, understanding figurative language such as similes, metaphors, and
idioms; understanding the feelings and emotions of characters, understanding how
characters treat each other
• Examples of phonology -✓✓ phonological awareness and phonemic awareness
activities, production of sounds (phonetics)
• Examples of orthography -✓✓ sound/symbol correspondences, letter recognition,
common letter patterns for reading, syllable types, syllable division patterns, spelling
patterns, rules, irregular words, fluency
• Examples of semantics -✓✓ vocabulary knowledge, text comprehension
