CALT Exam (2026/2027) VERIFIED PREP
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
• phonetics -✓✓ the study of speech sounds in spoken language
• phonological awareness -✓✓ the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language
at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
• phonemic awareness -✓✓ awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken
words
• phonics -✓✓ instruction that connects sounds and letters
• synthetic phonics -✓✓ explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole words
• alphabetic principle -✓✓ the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in
print by written letters
• consonant -✓✓ blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech sounds with
air flow that is constricted or obstructed
• vowel -✓✓ open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds produced by the
passage of air through an open vocal tract
• phonology -✓✓ the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
• fluency -✓✓ reading with rapidity and automaticity
• prosody -✓✓ the rhythmic flow of oral reading
• pragmatics -✓✓ set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language,
rules we communicate by
• syntax -✓✓ sentence structure, grammar, usage
• semantics -✓✓ content of language, used to express knowledge of the world around
us - meaning
• phoneme -✓✓ smallest unit of sound in a syllable
• spelling -✓✓ sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect grapheme to phoneme
,• orthography -✓✓ the spelling of written language
• orthographic memory -✓✓ memory of letter patterns and word spellings
• metalinguistics -✓✓ awareness of language as an entity
• guided discovery -✓✓ a method of leading students to new learning through
questioning
• Heuristic -✓✓ means to discover by demonstration
• grapheme -✓✓ a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
• decoding -✓✓ word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken down to
determine a word
• blending -✓✓ fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
• reading -✓✓ symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
• morpheme -✓✓ the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix, prefix, root or stem
such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling ability greatly depend
on knowledge of word structure at the level of morphemes.
• morphology -✓✓ the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units that make
words
• fricative -✓✓ a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the
teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
• nasal sound -✓✓ a sound produced by forcing air out through th nose / n / / m /
• continuant sound -✓✓ a sound prolonged in its production / m / / s / / f /
• stop consonant sound -✓✓ a sound obstructed / they must be clipped off / b / / d /
• aspiration -✓✓ puff of air
• Norman Invasion -✓✓ 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English language, William the
Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought words like furniture, painter, tailor,
beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for
the j. Alphabet complete at 26 letters
, • Number words one to a thousand -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Most of the basic color words -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• The names of farm, forest and ocean animals -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Outer body parts -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short, common everyday words: the, run, and, play, work -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with gh: laugh, cough, right, high -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with ck: pick, duck, sack -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with k: king, kiss, kilt, hook -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with kn or gn in initial position: knee, knife, gnat, gnash -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with tw: twin, twilight, between -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with wr: write, wring, wrist -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with ch pronounced /ch/ chest, cheap -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words with tch: witch, hatch, match -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words with dge: edge, ridge, hedge -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with th: this, these, bath -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with wh: why, while, when -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with double consonants: better, ladder, carrot -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words that end in ff, ll ss Floss Words -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with ow: plow, snow, brow, blow -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with silent letters: walk, should, thumb, listen -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Wild Old Words: mind, most, kind -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
• phonetics -✓✓ the study of speech sounds in spoken language
• phonological awareness -✓✓ the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language
at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
• phonemic awareness -✓✓ awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken
words
• phonics -✓✓ instruction that connects sounds and letters
• synthetic phonics -✓✓ explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole words
• alphabetic principle -✓✓ the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in
print by written letters
• consonant -✓✓ blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech sounds with
air flow that is constricted or obstructed
• vowel -✓✓ open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds produced by the
passage of air through an open vocal tract
• phonology -✓✓ the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
• fluency -✓✓ reading with rapidity and automaticity
• prosody -✓✓ the rhythmic flow of oral reading
• pragmatics -✓✓ set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language,
rules we communicate by
• syntax -✓✓ sentence structure, grammar, usage
• semantics -✓✓ content of language, used to express knowledge of the world around
us - meaning
• phoneme -✓✓ smallest unit of sound in a syllable
• spelling -✓✓ sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect grapheme to phoneme
,• orthography -✓✓ the spelling of written language
• orthographic memory -✓✓ memory of letter patterns and word spellings
• metalinguistics -✓✓ awareness of language as an entity
• guided discovery -✓✓ a method of leading students to new learning through
questioning
• Heuristic -✓✓ means to discover by demonstration
• grapheme -✓✓ a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
• decoding -✓✓ word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken down to
determine a word
• blending -✓✓ fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
• reading -✓✓ symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
• morpheme -✓✓ the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix, prefix, root or stem
such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling ability greatly depend
on knowledge of word structure at the level of morphemes.
• morphology -✓✓ the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units that make
words
• fricative -✓✓ a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the
teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
• nasal sound -✓✓ a sound produced by forcing air out through th nose / n / / m /
• continuant sound -✓✓ a sound prolonged in its production / m / / s / / f /
• stop consonant sound -✓✓ a sound obstructed / they must be clipped off / b / / d /
• aspiration -✓✓ puff of air
• Norman Invasion -✓✓ 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English language, William the
Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought words like furniture, painter, tailor,
beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for
the j. Alphabet complete at 26 letters
, • Number words one to a thousand -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Most of the basic color words -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• The names of farm, forest and ocean animals -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Outer body parts -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short, common everyday words: the, run, and, play, work -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with gh: laugh, cough, right, high -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with ck: pick, duck, sack -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with k: king, kiss, kilt, hook -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with kn or gn in initial position: knee, knife, gnat, gnash -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with tw: twin, twilight, between -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with wr: write, wring, wrist -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with ch pronounced /ch/ chest, cheap -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words with tch: witch, hatch, match -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words with dge: edge, ridge, hedge -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with th: this, these, bath -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with wh: why, while, when -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with double consonants: better, ladder, carrot -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• One-syllable words that end in ff, ll ss Floss Words -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Words with ow: plow, snow, brow, blow -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Short words with silent letters: walk, should, thumb, listen -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
• Wild Old Words: mind, most, kind -✓✓ Anglo-Saxon
