BSNC 5060 - Quantitative Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Update
QUESTION
Accuracy
Answer:
- the characteristics of all aspects of a study systematically and logically following from a
research problem
QUESTION
Attrition
Answer:
- the loss of a subject between time 1 data collection and time 2 data collection
QUESTION
Bias
Answer:
- a distortion in the interpretation of the results of the data analysis
QUESTION
Constancy
Answer:
- an aspect in control of data collection that ensures that methods and procedures of data
collection are the same for all participants Each participants is exposed to the same:
- environmental conditions
- timing of data collection
- data-collection instruments
- data-collection procedures
QUESTION
Control
Answer:
- the measures used to hold uniform or constant conditions in a study
,QUESTION
Means of controlling extraneous variables
Answer:
- use of a homogenous sample
- use of consistent-data collection procedures
- manipulation of the independent variable
- randomization
QUESTION
Control group
Answer:
- group in a experiment that does not does not receive the experimental intervention or treatment
QUESTION
Experimental group
Answer:
- group in a experiment that receives the experimental intervention or treatment
QUESTION
External validity
Answer:
- the degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations or
environments
QUESTION
Threats to external validity
Answer:
- selection effects
- reactive effects
- measurement effects
QUESTION
Extraneous variable (mediating variable)
Answer:
- a variable that interferes with the operations of the phenomena being studied
- e.g., age, gender
,QUESTION
Feasibility
Answer:
- the capability of a study to be successfully carried out
QUESTION
Considerations in determining the feasibility of a research problem
Answer:
- time
- participant availability
- facility and equipment availability
- money
- researcher experience
- ethics
QUESTION
History threat
Answer:
- the threat to internal validity that events outside of the experimental setting may affect the
dependent variable Example: A study tested a teaching intervention in one hospital and compared
outcomes to those of another hospital in which usual care was given. During the final months of
data collection, the control hospital implemented a heart failure critical pathway; as a result, data
from the control hospital (cohort) was not included in the analysis.
QUESTION
Homogeneity (internal consistency)
Answer:
- attribute of reliability
- all of items in a tool measure the same concept or characteristic
QUESTION
Instrumentation threats
Answer:
- changes in the measurement of variables that may account for changes in the obtained
measurement
- threat to internal validity
, QUESTION
Internal validity
Answer:
- the degree to which the experimental treatment, not an uncontrolled condition, resulted in the
observed effects
QUESTION
Threats to internal validity
Answer:
- history threats
- maturation effects
- testing effects
- instrumentation threats
- mortality (attrition)
- selection bias
QUESTION
Maturation
Answer:
- developmental, biological, or psychological processes that operate within an individual as a
function of time and are external to the events of the investigation
- threat to internal validity Example: Breitenstein, Gross, Fogg, et al. (2012) evaluated the 1-year
efficacy outcomes of a parenting program to promote parenting competency. Although the
program had significant positive outcomes in parental self-efficacy, the authors noted that the
children's maturation may have accounted for observed behaviour problems in the children
QUESTION
Measurement effects
Answer:
- changes in the generalizability of a study findings to other populations, as a result of
administration of a pretest
- threat to external validity
QUESTION
Validity
Answer:
- whether a measurement instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure
Solutions | Latest Update
QUESTION
Accuracy
Answer:
- the characteristics of all aspects of a study systematically and logically following from a
research problem
QUESTION
Attrition
Answer:
- the loss of a subject between time 1 data collection and time 2 data collection
QUESTION
Bias
Answer:
- a distortion in the interpretation of the results of the data analysis
QUESTION
Constancy
Answer:
- an aspect in control of data collection that ensures that methods and procedures of data
collection are the same for all participants Each participants is exposed to the same:
- environmental conditions
- timing of data collection
- data-collection instruments
- data-collection procedures
QUESTION
Control
Answer:
- the measures used to hold uniform or constant conditions in a study
,QUESTION
Means of controlling extraneous variables
Answer:
- use of a homogenous sample
- use of consistent-data collection procedures
- manipulation of the independent variable
- randomization
QUESTION
Control group
Answer:
- group in a experiment that does not does not receive the experimental intervention or treatment
QUESTION
Experimental group
Answer:
- group in a experiment that receives the experimental intervention or treatment
QUESTION
External validity
Answer:
- the degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations or
environments
QUESTION
Threats to external validity
Answer:
- selection effects
- reactive effects
- measurement effects
QUESTION
Extraneous variable (mediating variable)
Answer:
- a variable that interferes with the operations of the phenomena being studied
- e.g., age, gender
,QUESTION
Feasibility
Answer:
- the capability of a study to be successfully carried out
QUESTION
Considerations in determining the feasibility of a research problem
Answer:
- time
- participant availability
- facility and equipment availability
- money
- researcher experience
- ethics
QUESTION
History threat
Answer:
- the threat to internal validity that events outside of the experimental setting may affect the
dependent variable Example: A study tested a teaching intervention in one hospital and compared
outcomes to those of another hospital in which usual care was given. During the final months of
data collection, the control hospital implemented a heart failure critical pathway; as a result, data
from the control hospital (cohort) was not included in the analysis.
QUESTION
Homogeneity (internal consistency)
Answer:
- attribute of reliability
- all of items in a tool measure the same concept or characteristic
QUESTION
Instrumentation threats
Answer:
- changes in the measurement of variables that may account for changes in the obtained
measurement
- threat to internal validity
, QUESTION
Internal validity
Answer:
- the degree to which the experimental treatment, not an uncontrolled condition, resulted in the
observed effects
QUESTION
Threats to internal validity
Answer:
- history threats
- maturation effects
- testing effects
- instrumentation threats
- mortality (attrition)
- selection bias
QUESTION
Maturation
Answer:
- developmental, biological, or psychological processes that operate within an individual as a
function of time and are external to the events of the investigation
- threat to internal validity Example: Breitenstein, Gross, Fogg, et al. (2012) evaluated the 1-year
efficacy outcomes of a parenting program to promote parenting competency. Although the
program had significant positive outcomes in parental self-efficacy, the authors noted that the
children's maturation may have accounted for observed behaviour problems in the children
QUESTION
Measurement effects
Answer:
- changes in the generalizability of a study findings to other populations, as a result of
administration of a pretest
- threat to external validity
QUESTION
Validity
Answer:
- whether a measurement instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure
