BSC 2086C Exam 1 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions
| Latest Update
QUESTION
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Answer:
Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are enclosed and protected by the cranium and
vertebral column. Performs most of the decision-making functions of the nervous system.
QUESTION
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Answer:
A subdivision of the nervous system composed of all nerves and ganglia. All of the nervous
system except the central nervous system.
QUESTION
Visceral Motor Division (Autonomic Nervous System ANS)
Answer:
Effectors: cardiac, smooth muscle, glands. Sympathetic division (fight or flight). Parasympathetic
division (rest and digest). Usually have no voluntary control over these effectors, and the ANS
operates at an unconscious level. The responses of the ANS and its effectors are visceral reflexes.
QUESTION
Somatic Motor Division
Answer:
Effectors: skeletal muscle. Carries signals to the skeletal muscles. This produces voluntary
muscle contractions as well as automatic reflexes.
QUESTION
Astrocytes
Answer:
Cover brain surface and non-synaptic regions of neurons. Form supportive framework in CNS.
Most abundant glial cells. Contribute to blood brain barrier and regulate composition of brain
tissue fluid. Nourish neurons, produce growth factors that stimulate neurons.
, QUESTION
Schwann Cells
Answer:
Form neurolemma around all PNS axons and myelin around most of them. Aid in regeneration of
damaged nerves.
QUESTION
Oligodendrocytes
Answer:
Form myelin sheaths in the CNS. Brain and spinal cord.
QUESTION
Ependymal Cells
Answer:
Line cavities of brain and spinal cord. Secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
QUESTION
Parkinson's Disease
Answer:
Progressive loss of motor function beginning in 50's or 60's, no recovery. Degeneration of
dopamine-releasing neurons. Prevents excessive activity in motor centers. Involuntary muscle
contractions.
QUESTION
Alzheimer's Disease
Answer:
Memory loss for recent events, moody, combative, lose ability to walk, and eat. Atrophy of gyri
(folds) in cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Degeneration of cholinergic
neurons and deficiency of ACh and nerve growth factors. Genetic connection.
QUESTION
Speed of Nerve Transmission
Answer:
Diameter of fiber and presence of myelin: large fibers have more surface area for signals. Small,
unmyelinated fibers= 0.5-2.0 m/sec Small, myelinated fibers= 3.0-15.0 m/sec Large, myelinated
fibers= up to 120 m/sec Slow signals supply the stomach and dilate pupil. Fast signals supply
skeletal muscles and transport sensory signals for vision and balance.
| Latest Update
QUESTION
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Answer:
Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are enclosed and protected by the cranium and
vertebral column. Performs most of the decision-making functions of the nervous system.
QUESTION
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Answer:
A subdivision of the nervous system composed of all nerves and ganglia. All of the nervous
system except the central nervous system.
QUESTION
Visceral Motor Division (Autonomic Nervous System ANS)
Answer:
Effectors: cardiac, smooth muscle, glands. Sympathetic division (fight or flight). Parasympathetic
division (rest and digest). Usually have no voluntary control over these effectors, and the ANS
operates at an unconscious level. The responses of the ANS and its effectors are visceral reflexes.
QUESTION
Somatic Motor Division
Answer:
Effectors: skeletal muscle. Carries signals to the skeletal muscles. This produces voluntary
muscle contractions as well as automatic reflexes.
QUESTION
Astrocytes
Answer:
Cover brain surface and non-synaptic regions of neurons. Form supportive framework in CNS.
Most abundant glial cells. Contribute to blood brain barrier and regulate composition of brain
tissue fluid. Nourish neurons, produce growth factors that stimulate neurons.
, QUESTION
Schwann Cells
Answer:
Form neurolemma around all PNS axons and myelin around most of them. Aid in regeneration of
damaged nerves.
QUESTION
Oligodendrocytes
Answer:
Form myelin sheaths in the CNS. Brain and spinal cord.
QUESTION
Ependymal Cells
Answer:
Line cavities of brain and spinal cord. Secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
QUESTION
Parkinson's Disease
Answer:
Progressive loss of motor function beginning in 50's or 60's, no recovery. Degeneration of
dopamine-releasing neurons. Prevents excessive activity in motor centers. Involuntary muscle
contractions.
QUESTION
Alzheimer's Disease
Answer:
Memory loss for recent events, moody, combative, lose ability to walk, and eat. Atrophy of gyri
(folds) in cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Degeneration of cholinergic
neurons and deficiency of ACh and nerve growth factors. Genetic connection.
QUESTION
Speed of Nerve Transmission
Answer:
Diameter of fiber and presence of myelin: large fibers have more surface area for signals. Small,
unmyelinated fibers= 0.5-2.0 m/sec Small, myelinated fibers= 3.0-15.0 m/sec Large, myelinated
fibers= up to 120 m/sec Slow signals supply the stomach and dilate pupil. Fast signals supply
skeletal muscles and transport sensory signals for vision and balance.
