BSC2086 EXAM 3 AND 4 Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest Update

BSC2086 EXAM 3 AND 4 Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Update


QUESTION
NEWBORN baby's body weight is about ___% water

Answer:
75%

QUESTION
Total body water (TBW) content of average young adults is _____% in MEN

Answer:
60%

QUESTION
Total body water (TBW) content of average young adults is _____% in WOMEN

Answer:
50%

QUESTION
Why do women have a lower total body water content?

Answer:
They have more adipose tissue (fat), which displaces water

QUESTION
OBESE and ELDER- LY people total body water as little as ____%

Answer:
45%

QUESTION
What is the average TBW content of a 70kg (150lb) adult?

Answer:
42 liters

QUESTION
fluid compartments

Answer:
areas separated by selectively permeable membranes and differing in chemical composition

,QUESTION
INTRACELLULAR fluid (ICF) makes up ____% of the major fluid compartments of the body.

Answer:
65%

QUESTION
EXTRACELULAR fluid (ECF) makes up ____% of the major fluid compartments of the body.

Answer:
35%

QUESTION
What is extracellular fluid (ECF) divided into?

Answer:
- 25% tissue (interstitial) fluid
- 8% blood plasma and lymph
- 2% transcellular fluid

QUESTION
What are examples of transcellular fluid?

Answer:
- Cerebrospinal, synovial, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids
- Vitreous and aqueous humors of the eye
- Fluids of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

QUESTION
How is fluid continually exchanged between compartments?

Answer:
ICF and ECF osmolarity are equal because water moves so easily through membranes, so the
osmotic gradients never last long. Osmosis restores balance within seconds if there is an
imbalance. Osmosis from one compartment to another is determined by the relative
concentrations of solutes in each compartment.

QUESTION
Which electrolyte/solute particles are found in ECF?

Answer:
sodium

,QUESTION
Which electrolyte/solute particles are found in ICF?

Answer:
potassium

QUESTION
electrolytes

Answer:
Play the principle role in governing the body's water distribution and total water content

QUESTION
fluid balance

Answer:
when daily water gains and losses are equal (about 2500mL/day)
- Gains come from METABOLIC WATER and PERFORMED WATER
- Losses are more varied (cutaneous transpiration, insensible water loss, sensible water loss,
obligatory water loss)

QUESTION
Where do the daily water gains in order to maintain fluid balance come from?

Answer:
Metabolic and performed water

QUESTION
What are the routes of water loss in order to maintain fluid balance?

Answer:
- Urine, feces, expired breath, sweat, and cutaneous transpiration
- Insensible water loss
- Sensible water loss
- Obligatory water loss

QUESTION
metabolic water

Answer:
formed by aerobic metabolism and dehydration synthesis

, QUESTION
performed water

Answer:
ingested in food and drink

QUESTION
cutaneous transpiration

Answer:
water that diffuses through epidermis and evaporates

QUESTION
insensible water loss

Answer:
not usually aware of it; breath and cutaneous transpiration

QUESTION
sensible water loss

Answer:
noticeable output; urine and moderate sweating

QUESTION
obligatory water loss

Answer:
output that is unavoidable (expired air, feces)

QUESTION
fluid deficiency

Answer:
fluid imbalance that arises when fluid output exceeds intake over long period of time (2 types)

QUESTION
What are the two types of fluid deficiency?

Answer:
volume depletion (hypovolemia) and dehydration (negative water balance)