NSG 5003 FINAL WEEK 10 EXAM WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS
2026/2027
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by:
Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because
Sodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
Hem concentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because
ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme
activation?
Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
1|Page
, What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury:
Is often the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve
impulses is the ratio between
Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen
ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential?
Hypo polarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate:
A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in:
Hypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypomagnesemia is:
Renal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Peaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages?
2|Page
ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS
2026/2027
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases
Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Free Radicals cause cell damage by:
Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?
Programmed cell death of scattered, single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because
Sodium chloride enters the cell
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
Hem concentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because
ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme
activation?
Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the cell.
1|Page
, What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because
The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP levels.
Current research has determined that chemical-induced cellular injury:
Is often the result of the damage caused by reactive free radicals
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve
impulses is the ratio between
Intracellular and extracellular K+
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen
ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
Potassium
Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Renal failure and Addison disease
In hyperkalemia, what change occurs to the cells' resting membrane potential?
Hypo polarization
The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate:
A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypocalcemia
An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in:
Hypophosphatemia
The most common cause of hypomagnesemia is:
Renal failure
The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person's electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Peaked T waves
Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by
neutrophils and macrophages?
2|Page
