BMS 300 EXAM 4 [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and Answers | Frequently Tested Questions with
Verified Answers & Detailed Explanations
FORMATTING LEGEND:
• Bold Italic = Correct Answer
• Italic = Rationale/Explanation
• QUESTION 1
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is TRUE regarding Dalton's law of partial pressures?
A) The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of each gas
B) The partial pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its concentration
C) The total pressure of a gas mixture is independent of the partial
pressures
D) Gases in a mixture exert pressure only in proportion to their molecular
weight
CORRECT ANSWER: A) The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to
the sum of the partial pressures of each gas
,Rationale: Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a gas mixture
is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. Each gas behaves
independently in a mixture.
QUESTION 2
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between lung
volume and compliance?
A) Increased compliance means the lungs are stiffer
B) Decreased compliance means the lungs are harder to inflate
C) Compliance is inversely related to surface tension
D) Compliance is not affected by surfactant
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Decreased compliance means the lungs are
harder to inflate
Rationale: Compliance is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated.
Decreased compliance (e.g., in fibrosis) means the lungs are stiffer and harder
to inflate. Increased compliance (e.g., in emphysema) means the lungs are
easier to inflate.
QUESTION 3
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A) Renin
B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
C) Carbonic anhydrase
D) Chymase
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Rationale: ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. This is a
key step in the RAAS pathway that regulates blood pressure and fluid
balance.
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is true about the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation
curve at high altitude?
A) The curve shifts to the left
B) The curve shifts to the right
C) The curve becomes linear
D) The curve is unaffected
CORRECT ANSWER: B) The curve shifts to the right
Rationale: At high altitude, increased 2,3-BPG production shifts the oxygen-
hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, promoting oxygen unloading to
tissues. This is an adaptive response to lower oxygen availability.
QUESTION 5
What is the term for the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a
normal exhalation?
A) Tidal volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
, C) Residual volume
D) Vital capacity
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Expiratory reserve volume
Rationale: Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be
forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation. Tidal volume is normal breathing,
residual volume is air remaining after forced expiration, and vital capacity is
the maximum volume that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation.
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Haldane effect?
A) It facilitates CO₂ loading in tissues and unloading in the lungs
B) It facilitates O₂ loading in tissues
C) It is independent of hemoglobin
D) It decreases CO₂ transport
CORRECT ANSWER: A) It facilitates CO₂ loading in tissues and
unloading in the lungs
Rationale: The Haldane effect states that deoxygenated hemoglobin binds
CO₂ more readily than oxygenated hemoglobin. This facilitates CO₂ loading
in tissues (where hemoglobin is deoxygenated) and unloading in the lungs
(where hemoglobin is oxygenated).
Questions and Answers | Frequently Tested Questions with
Verified Answers & Detailed Explanations
FORMATTING LEGEND:
• Bold Italic = Correct Answer
• Italic = Rationale/Explanation
• QUESTION 1
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is TRUE regarding Dalton's law of partial pressures?
A) The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of each gas
B) The partial pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its concentration
C) The total pressure of a gas mixture is independent of the partial
pressures
D) Gases in a mixture exert pressure only in proportion to their molecular
weight
CORRECT ANSWER: A) The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to
the sum of the partial pressures of each gas
,Rationale: Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a gas mixture
is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. Each gas behaves
independently in a mixture.
QUESTION 2
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between lung
volume and compliance?
A) Increased compliance means the lungs are stiffer
B) Decreased compliance means the lungs are harder to inflate
C) Compliance is inversely related to surface tension
D) Compliance is not affected by surfactant
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Decreased compliance means the lungs are
harder to inflate
Rationale: Compliance is the ease with which the lungs can be inflated.
Decreased compliance (e.g., in fibrosis) means the lungs are stiffer and harder
to inflate. Increased compliance (e.g., in emphysema) means the lungs are
easier to inflate.
QUESTION 3
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A) Renin
B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
C) Carbonic anhydrase
D) Chymase
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Rationale: ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. This is a
key step in the RAAS pathway that regulates blood pressure and fluid
balance.
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is true about the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation
curve at high altitude?
A) The curve shifts to the left
B) The curve shifts to the right
C) The curve becomes linear
D) The curve is unaffected
CORRECT ANSWER: B) The curve shifts to the right
Rationale: At high altitude, increased 2,3-BPG production shifts the oxygen-
hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right, promoting oxygen unloading to
tissues. This is an adaptive response to lower oxygen availability.
QUESTION 5
What is the term for the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a
normal exhalation?
A) Tidal volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
, C) Residual volume
D) Vital capacity
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Expiratory reserve volume
Rationale: Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be
forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation. Tidal volume is normal breathing,
residual volume is air remaining after forced expiration, and vital capacity is
the maximum volume that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation.
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Haldane effect?
A) It facilitates CO₂ loading in tissues and unloading in the lungs
B) It facilitates O₂ loading in tissues
C) It is independent of hemoglobin
D) It decreases CO₂ transport
CORRECT ANSWER: A) It facilitates CO₂ loading in tissues and
unloading in the lungs
Rationale: The Haldane effect states that deoxygenated hemoglobin binds
CO₂ more readily than oxygenated hemoglobin. This facilitates CO₂ loading
in tissues (where hemoglobin is deoxygenated) and unloading in the lungs
(where hemoglobin is oxygenated).
