RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Risk factors of?: advancing age, obesity, diet, rapid weight loss,
pregnancy, hormone replacement, and long-term parenteral nutrition.
Calculi vary in size and shape. - ANSWERS-Cholelithiasis
Manifestations of?: biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea,
vomiting, jaundice, fever, and leukocytes - ANSWERS-Cholelthiasis
Sudden loss of renal function. Generally reversible. Most commonly
occurs in critically ill, hospitalized patients. - ANSWERS-Acute Renal
Failure
Risk factors of?: advanced age, autoimmune disorders, and liver disease.
- ANSWERS-Acute Renal Failure
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: ______. Extremely low blood pressure
or blood volume. Heart dysfunction - ANSWERS-Prerenal Conditions
END OF
PAGE
1
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Reduced blood supply within the
kidneys. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Renal inflammation. Toxic injury.
- ANSWERS-Intrarenal Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Ureter obstruction. Bladder
obstruction and dysfunction. - ANSWERS-Postrenal Conditions
The four phases of Acute Renal Failure. - ANSWERS-Asymptomatic
Phase, Oliguric Phase, Diuretic Phase, and Recovery Phase
Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that
waste products begin to accumulate. - ANSWERS-Oliguric Phase
Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. - ANSWERS-Diuretic
Phase
Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. - ANSWERS-
Recovery Phase
END OF
PAGE
2
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Manifestations of?: decreasing urine output, electrolyte disturbances,
fluid volume excess, azotemia, and metabolic acidosis - ANSWERS-
Oliguric Phase
Manifestations of?: increased urine output, electrolyte disturbances,
dehydration, and hypotension - ANSWERS-Diuretic Phase
Manifestations of?: symptoms begin resolving - ANSWERS-Recovery
Phase
Gradual loss of renal function that is irreversible. - ANSWERS-Chronic
Kidney Disease
Causes of?: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal
diseases, renal artery stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins and
nephrotoxic medications, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus
erythematosus, smoking, advancing age. - ANSWERS-Chronic Kidney
Disease
END OF
PAGE
3
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
How many stages are there for Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWERS-5
Kidney damage is present, but GFR is > 90 - ANSWERS-Stage I CKD
Kidney damage worsens as the GFR falls (60-89). - ANSWERS-Stage II
CKD
Kidney function is significantly impaired as GFR is between 30 and 59 -
ANSWERS-Stage III CKD
Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29
- ANSWERS-Stage IV CKD
Kidney failure as the GFR drops to less than 15 or the patient begins
dialysis - ANSWERS-Stage V CKD
END OF
PAGE
4
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Risk factors of?: advancing age, obesity, diet, rapid weight loss,
pregnancy, hormone replacement, and long-term parenteral nutrition.
Calculi vary in size and shape. - ANSWERS-Cholelithiasis
Manifestations of?: biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea,
vomiting, jaundice, fever, and leukocytes - ANSWERS-Cholelthiasis
Sudden loss of renal function. Generally reversible. Most commonly
occurs in critically ill, hospitalized patients. - ANSWERS-Acute Renal
Failure
Risk factors of?: advanced age, autoimmune disorders, and liver disease.
- ANSWERS-Acute Renal Failure
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: ______. Extremely low blood pressure
or blood volume. Heart dysfunction - ANSWERS-Prerenal Conditions
END OF
PAGE
1
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Reduced blood supply within the
kidneys. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Renal inflammation. Toxic injury.
- ANSWERS-Intrarenal Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Ureter obstruction. Bladder
obstruction and dysfunction. - ANSWERS-Postrenal Conditions
The four phases of Acute Renal Failure. - ANSWERS-Asymptomatic
Phase, Oliguric Phase, Diuretic Phase, and Recovery Phase
Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that
waste products begin to accumulate. - ANSWERS-Oliguric Phase
Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. - ANSWERS-Diuretic
Phase
Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. - ANSWERS-
Recovery Phase
END OF
PAGE
2
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Manifestations of?: decreasing urine output, electrolyte disturbances,
fluid volume excess, azotemia, and metabolic acidosis - ANSWERS-
Oliguric Phase
Manifestations of?: increased urine output, electrolyte disturbances,
dehydration, and hypotension - ANSWERS-Diuretic Phase
Manifestations of?: symptoms begin resolving - ANSWERS-Recovery
Phase
Gradual loss of renal function that is irreversible. - ANSWERS-Chronic
Kidney Disease
Causes of?: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal
diseases, renal artery stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins and
nephrotoxic medications, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus
erythematosus, smoking, advancing age. - ANSWERS-Chronic Kidney
Disease
END OF
PAGE
3
, RASMUSSEN LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
How many stages are there for Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWERS-5
Kidney damage is present, but GFR is > 90 - ANSWERS-Stage I CKD
Kidney damage worsens as the GFR falls (60-89). - ANSWERS-Stage II
CKD
Kidney function is significantly impaired as GFR is between 30 and 59 -
ANSWERS-Stage III CKD
Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29
- ANSWERS-Stage IV CKD
Kidney failure as the GFR drops to less than 15 or the patient begins
dialysis - ANSWERS-Stage V CKD
END OF
PAGE
4
