#ydropby Les
Plant structures Xylem-transport of Xerophytes Adaptations .
water fillies -
floating leaves (large air spaces for
buoyancy), waterproof cuticle, stomata
·
·marram grass-short roots to get the water in the sand, long waxy on
roofs to access deep water, thick waxy cuticle to reduce top of leaf (gas exchange can happen in the air
Roots
cortex
(individual
and in sunken not the water), reduced root system as they
cells) evaporation, stomata the outside pits
O
on
- ↑
,
E rootcele
835 -grar with fine hair shaps moist air reduces diffusion the
extract nutrients through their tissues
concentration gradient)
sunken
fibrous spines Factors increasing transpiration
I pirs cacti-waxy cuticle, (reduces surface
xylem area to volume ratio and reduces water loss), store light -
needed for photosynthesise stomata only
-> epidermis water in stems, stomata only open at night in order open when its light for gas exchange
- phloem to reduce evaporation ↳a light
intensity more = stomata open-transpiration
endodermis
&
/ Pathways
relative humidity
compared to the concentration of
-
amount of water vapour
water the air
in the air
can
N
I
apoplast through hold to
high relative
humidity lowers transpiration due
Potometer avoid bubbles
-
Casparian vascular
->
pericycle
des
strip bundle
air cells walls to reduced water vapour potential gradient a diffusion -
all joints sealed - - ↳estopped by I
phloemtransportis ·temperature evaporation
OKE
of watermolecules, rate of
M↑
·
plant underwater ↓
-
-
·cut air tight the casparian ↳ decreases relative
humidity and water potential
Leag
-
be~I
waxy
1.sta
-
cuticle strip which forces so transpiration rate is increased
Qe
I
-↑
upper
xxx capillary fluid into the cell air movement no movement:water vapour gathers
-
0
I
-
-
.-I tube ·
symplast-water near the stomata which decreases the diffusion
- travels through the gradient
ruler
soil-water availability dry-rate transpiration
mesophel cytoplasm to the xylem
-
if of
an
reduced due to
EeL
rate Of
distance ⑱
-
stri - is less water
being available.
time
air bubble - taken
↑
57 Transpiration stream
transpiration
moved
①water evaporates
g.
Transport in plants
W
I
from lead cells--Y-transpiration
I
lower *- -
- & I⑰
- ↳
epidermis -
② water from the xylem I
↳
guard
188
moves
W
-
in movementof sugars from
into the lead cells
⑧
-
S
CeUs
source to sink - occurs via mass flow
0
C8
Stomata
-
by osmosis -
S
Translocation
-
bulk movement of sugars ③
① sucrose diffuses ③ water into lead cells ④ .
E.
towards the phloem
⑳
moves
.
Evidence for translocation ② the companion cell actively loads into the ↳
pulls chain water molecules up made
⑪
by cohesion
sucrose phloem of -
adaptations cells transport ③ addition of sucrose lowers Y aided by adhesion of water to walls-capillary action
for active the of the phloem ↳
of companion
if the mitochondria in companion cells are poisoned, translocation ④ to the 4 ④ through the root cells to replace the
from the xylem via osmosis down
water water
moves phloem moves
stops suggests its a process that needs ATP
-
gradient water moved up-osmosis
flow of sugars in the phloem is 10,000 times faster than diffusion 5
addition of water increases hydrostatic pressure phloem
in the ⑤ water moves into the roof hair cell
by osmosis to
alone ->
proves mass flow is occuring ⑥ sucrose moves down the hydrostatic pressure gradientto the sinks replace the lost water
positive pressure from inside the phloem forces sap out ⑦ sucrose diffuses into sink cells for ↳ active transport of mineral ions into root hair cell
aphids -
use in respiration
⑧ ↓ sucrose osmosis back lowers Y by
through aphid stylets (mouthland the pressure lowers closer to the of cell enters
↳
increases water potential so water moves
by so water osmosis
this process is
the COMESIONTENSION THEORY
source into the xylem -
water
⑧
↓
·yar]
-
-
...
as i=
② high Ht
Evidence for cohesion-tension theory
inthe
↓ ·my
Active loading of sucrose
ran
CONC.
=· tree diameters-tree shrinks
⑧
high protein ·
in diameter
II
CONC.
↑
CONC.
loading of sucrose when tension in the xylem is highest grows
·
11111 i
-
transported via the -water in diameter when tension the
in
xylem is lowest
apoplast pathway -rested by measuring tree
circumference at
differenttimes of the day
·
when xylem vessels break, air is drawn into
IOW
high the xylem instead of water
proton conc. ⑧ Sucrose CONC. escaping -
plant
①active transport longer water the stem in
CYTOPLASM can move
no up a
of 4+out of cytoplasm continuous stream cohesive broken
as forces are
Plant structures Xylem-transport of Xerophytes Adaptations .
water fillies -
floating leaves (large air spaces for
buoyancy), waterproof cuticle, stomata
·
·marram grass-short roots to get the water in the sand, long waxy on
roofs to access deep water, thick waxy cuticle to reduce top of leaf (gas exchange can happen in the air
Roots
cortex
(individual
and in sunken not the water), reduced root system as they
cells) evaporation, stomata the outside pits
O
on
- ↑
,
E rootcele
835 -grar with fine hair shaps moist air reduces diffusion the
extract nutrients through their tissues
concentration gradient)
sunken
fibrous spines Factors increasing transpiration
I pirs cacti-waxy cuticle, (reduces surface
xylem area to volume ratio and reduces water loss), store light -
needed for photosynthesise stomata only
-> epidermis water in stems, stomata only open at night in order open when its light for gas exchange
- phloem to reduce evaporation ↳a light
intensity more = stomata open-transpiration
endodermis
&
/ Pathways
relative humidity
compared to the concentration of
-
amount of water vapour
water the air
in the air
can
N
I
apoplast through hold to
high relative
humidity lowers transpiration due
Potometer avoid bubbles
-
Casparian vascular
->
pericycle
des
strip bundle
air cells walls to reduced water vapour potential gradient a diffusion -
all joints sealed - - ↳estopped by I
phloemtransportis ·temperature evaporation
OKE
of watermolecules, rate of
M↑
·
plant underwater ↓
-
-
·cut air tight the casparian ↳ decreases relative
humidity and water potential
Leag
-
be~I
waxy
1.sta
-
cuticle strip which forces so transpiration rate is increased
Qe
I
-↑
upper
xxx capillary fluid into the cell air movement no movement:water vapour gathers
-
0
I
-
-
.-I tube ·
symplast-water near the stomata which decreases the diffusion
- travels through the gradient
ruler
soil-water availability dry-rate transpiration
mesophel cytoplasm to the xylem
-
if of
an
reduced due to
EeL
rate Of
distance ⑱
-
stri - is less water
being available.
time
air bubble - taken
↑
57 Transpiration stream
transpiration
moved
①water evaporates
g.
Transport in plants
W
I
from lead cells--Y-transpiration
I
lower *- -
- & I⑰
- ↳
epidermis -
② water from the xylem I
↳
guard
188
moves
W
-
in movementof sugars from
into the lead cells
⑧
-
S
CeUs
source to sink - occurs via mass flow
0
C8
Stomata
-
by osmosis -
S
Translocation
-
bulk movement of sugars ③
① sucrose diffuses ③ water into lead cells ④ .
E.
towards the phloem
⑳
moves
.
Evidence for translocation ② the companion cell actively loads into the ↳
pulls chain water molecules up made
⑪
by cohesion
sucrose phloem of -
adaptations cells transport ③ addition of sucrose lowers Y aided by adhesion of water to walls-capillary action
for active the of the phloem ↳
of companion
if the mitochondria in companion cells are poisoned, translocation ④ to the 4 ④ through the root cells to replace the
from the xylem via osmosis down
water water
moves phloem moves
stops suggests its a process that needs ATP
-
gradient water moved up-osmosis
flow of sugars in the phloem is 10,000 times faster than diffusion 5
addition of water increases hydrostatic pressure phloem
in the ⑤ water moves into the roof hair cell
by osmosis to
alone ->
proves mass flow is occuring ⑥ sucrose moves down the hydrostatic pressure gradientto the sinks replace the lost water
positive pressure from inside the phloem forces sap out ⑦ sucrose diffuses into sink cells for ↳ active transport of mineral ions into root hair cell
aphids -
use in respiration
⑧ ↓ sucrose osmosis back lowers Y by
through aphid stylets (mouthland the pressure lowers closer to the of cell enters
↳
increases water potential so water moves
by so water osmosis
this process is
the COMESIONTENSION THEORY
source into the xylem -
water
⑧
↓
·yar]
-
-
...
as i=
② high Ht
Evidence for cohesion-tension theory
inthe
↓ ·my
Active loading of sucrose
ran
CONC.
=· tree diameters-tree shrinks
⑧
high protein ·
in diameter
II
CONC.
↑
CONC.
loading of sucrose when tension in the xylem is highest grows
·
11111 i
-
transported via the -water in diameter when tension the
in
xylem is lowest
apoplast pathway -rested by measuring tree
circumference at
differenttimes of the day
·
when xylem vessels break, air is drawn into
IOW
high the xylem instead of water
proton conc. ⑧ Sucrose CONC. escaping -
plant
①active transport longer water the stem in
CYTOPLASM can move
no up a
of 4+out of cytoplasm continuous stream cohesive broken
as forces are
