Nucleotides Protein synthesis RNA DNA and the genetic code
nucleotides the translation
DNAOOT
nucleic
sEe
are monomers of acids
&
·base always attached transcription I. ribosome reads mRNA
codon
Pi nitrogenous
5
0
base to carbon 1 1. DNA
helicase breaks H bonds 2. IRNA
with anticodon binds to 66G CUC AUr
2. DNA
phosphate strands separated
Circoiesore Barbarawawwwwen
mRNA
group always
are
Pentose
(sense strand)
4
Sugar C. See RNA nucleotides bond
attached to carbon 5
3
DNA with bases via H bonds 4. next
codon is read
(antisense strand)
4. RNA
Sugar deoxyribose -
polymerase forms phosphodiester 5. tRNA
with anticodon brought template strand-used to make copies
bases-adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine bonds between nucleotides G-C, A-U into position
base 5. Strand 6.
complementary pairing - A-T, c-G
of pre
mRNAformed condensation reaction occurs
RNA 6.
splicing
occurs
-- PremRNA
sugar ribose
ron different protein
·:
-
is formed made
-
exon 1 intron exon 2
bases-adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine 7. tRNA detaches from first amino acid
8. ribosome shifts
complementary I
base pairing-A-U,
3
c-G -1
exon 1 exon 2
mRNA and along repeats until Characteristics of the genetic code
5 stop codon is read
A - I
Nucleotides and amiids
S ↳St
-
-
11 ·universal-
every living organism made of the
- *="=
phosphodiester hydrogen
-- nucleic acids tRNA
~ antiFonon same amino acids made by the same bases
bond .- bonds mRNA
-don
↓ degenerate multiple triplets code for the amino
·
-
same
DNA replication
between
C I G acid
carbon
and
3
·non-overlapping - each base is only read
phosphate
5' once and they are read in triplets
3'carbon 3 end phosphate end
6 I original 6 C 2 DNA 6
->
C C
3
free nucleolides
-
G
purines A G, 2 ring structure DNA helicase bond to
complementary
Proof of semi-
- +
Asat bases
A A
-
T
breaks ht nt
pyrimidines CHT, 1 ring structure molecule via bonds
A
-
A i - -
A T
ATP bonds C
conservative
"
C G C G -
adenine
O
I
Pi Pi Pi
T A T A T A
ribose polymerase
DNA A
A
↑
T
15 "heavy" 0
gicaerene
4 X
j heavy
6 C
-
- 6 -
forms phosphodiester ·grow bacteria
-
G C C 6
=>
bonds ·purely IN DNA
↑
between gree A T T A
DNA Extraction nucleotides C
- -6 A I T A
6
&
C
⑧
6
L
14N "light"
1. putthe
C G 2
6
into
strawberry a
press lock bag
·replicates
e
- once
2. add 20mL 6 6
C
extraction
DNA buffer, remove air-shut
·each DNA= 1 light +
3. hand A A T
mash the in the extraction buffer for
T
strawberry DNA Imins
I
5 2 identical copies heavy strand
4. pour mixture through a muslin in tea strainer into beaker 14
"Light
a a 11
⑤
made, I
original strand, N
5. filtrate into boiling tube
j
pour a
to
one new replicates again
6. gently add ice cold ethanol filtrate and allow to stand for 5 mins
7.
semi-conservative mix of pure lightt
will
DNA form white participate in the top layer replication hybri d
nucleotides the translation
DNAOOT
nucleic
sEe
are monomers of acids
&
·base always attached transcription I. ribosome reads mRNA
codon
Pi nitrogenous
5
0
base to carbon 1 1. DNA
helicase breaks H bonds 2. IRNA
with anticodon binds to 66G CUC AUr
2. DNA
phosphate strands separated
Circoiesore Barbarawawwwwen
mRNA
group always
are
Pentose
(sense strand)
4
Sugar C. See RNA nucleotides bond
attached to carbon 5
3
DNA with bases via H bonds 4. next
codon is read
(antisense strand)
4. RNA
Sugar deoxyribose -
polymerase forms phosphodiester 5. tRNA
with anticodon brought template strand-used to make copies
bases-adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine bonds between nucleotides G-C, A-U into position
base 5. Strand 6.
complementary pairing - A-T, c-G
of pre
mRNAformed condensation reaction occurs
RNA 6.
splicing
occurs
-- PremRNA
sugar ribose
ron different protein
·:
-
is formed made
-
exon 1 intron exon 2
bases-adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine 7. tRNA detaches from first amino acid
8. ribosome shifts
complementary I
base pairing-A-U,
3
c-G -1
exon 1 exon 2
mRNA and along repeats until Characteristics of the genetic code
5 stop codon is read
A - I
Nucleotides and amiids
S ↳St
-
-
11 ·universal-
every living organism made of the
- *="=
phosphodiester hydrogen
-- nucleic acids tRNA
~ antiFonon same amino acids made by the same bases
bond .- bonds mRNA
-don
↓ degenerate multiple triplets code for the amino
·
-
same
DNA replication
between
C I G acid
carbon
and
3
·non-overlapping - each base is only read
phosphate
5' once and they are read in triplets
3'carbon 3 end phosphate end
6 I original 6 C 2 DNA 6
->
C C
3
free nucleolides
-
G
purines A G, 2 ring structure DNA helicase bond to
complementary
Proof of semi-
- +
Asat bases
A A
-
T
breaks ht nt
pyrimidines CHT, 1 ring structure molecule via bonds
A
-
A i - -
A T
ATP bonds C
conservative
"
C G C G -
adenine
O
I
Pi Pi Pi
T A T A T A
ribose polymerase
DNA A
A
↑
T
15 "heavy" 0
gicaerene
4 X
j heavy
6 C
-
- 6 -
forms phosphodiester ·grow bacteria
-
G C C 6
=>
bonds ·purely IN DNA
↑
between gree A T T A
DNA Extraction nucleotides C
- -6 A I T A
6
&
C
⑧
6
L
14N "light"
1. putthe
C G 2
6
into
strawberry a
press lock bag
·replicates
e
- once
2. add 20mL 6 6
C
extraction
DNA buffer, remove air-shut
·each DNA= 1 light +
3. hand A A T
mash the in the extraction buffer for
T
strawberry DNA Imins
I
5 2 identical copies heavy strand
4. pour mixture through a muslin in tea strainer into beaker 14
"Light
a a 11
⑤
made, I
original strand, N
5. filtrate into boiling tube
j
pour a
to
one new replicates again
6. gently add ice cold ethanol filtrate and allow to stand for 5 mins
7.
semi-conservative mix of pure lightt
will
DNA form white participate in the top layer replication hybri d
