EDF 3210 TEST 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
educational psychology - Answers apply psychological knowledge in order to
improve the quality and outcome of the
educational process
-uses science to
uncover information that helps teachers
solve problems and teach effectively
-uncovers trends in how teachers teach and how students learn
-Teachers can learn from descriptive and
experimental research
What can Education offer Psychology - Answers The challenge of explaining learning and
cognition in realistic situations
What can Psychology offer Education - Answers Scientific valid methods of instruction
based upon research evidence and
testable theory
principles - Answers describe well-known and
established relationships between events
Theories - Answers attempt to explain principles (explain
why things happen the way that they do)
Hypotheses - Answers testable ideas that are used to help us build Theories
Descriptive Research - Answers -Single-Case Study (Watson's approach; lots of observation but not
lots of subjects)
-Survey Research (evaluations)
-Correlational (doesn't mean causation)
-Quasi-Experimental (close as you can get to experimental research without random assignments)
Experimental Research - Answers -lab studies
-randomized field trials
-can be unethical if you are withholding something good from subject
-error taken care of; can make causal claims (but only for specific populations)
-population/sample: random; needs control group
positive correlation - Answers a relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the
other variable also increases; graph goes from left to right "up"
no correlation - Answers There is no relationship between data sets
negative correlation - Answers as one variable increases, the other decreases; graph goes from top
left to bottom right "down"
independent variable - Answers The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied
dependent variable - Answers The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable
statistical signifcance - Answers statistics must have a strong enough correlation that it can't be
chance
internal validity - Answers ability of your design to adequately test your hypotheses
external validity - Answers the degree to which your findings extend beyond the research setting and
sample
Generalizability - Answers Observational/Correlational (capture about the world) vs. Experimental
(causal)
Reliability - Answers Are your results replicable by others
steps of research process - Answers 1. select and frame research question
2. choose appropriate methods
3. collect data
4. analyze data
5. draw conclusions and report findings
journal article components - Answers common Layout - 6 Sections:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
, 3. Methods (Subjects/Participants, Materials/Instruments, Procedure)
4. Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion/Conclusions
p-value - Answers -Expressed as a decimal between 0 and 1
-Probability that observed data would occur by
chance
-Frequently expressed as p<.05, p<.01
the goal of educational psychology is to: - Answers provide different theoretical lenses which learning
can be examined and teaching strategies be implemented
thinking about your own thinking is: - Answers metacognitive processes
the belief that intelligence is something that you are born with is an example of which view: -
Answers entity view
a researcher noticed that as the number of snorkels sold increases, so do accidental drownings. which
would be appropriate action: - Answers correlation doesn't imply causation (further define the
relationship)
laboratory experiments typically: - Answers use treatment or condition
Canalization - Answers Refers to the extent to which a behavior or an
underlying ability develops without respect to
the environment (ex: memory abilities)
true or false, Teachers typically have the greatest impact.
on weakly canalized skills - Answers true
Maturation - Answers any relatively permanent change that occurs as a result of biological aging
continuous vs. stagelike development - Answers continuous= build (v); stagelike= distinct, cognitive
development documented by tests (piaget)
domain-general model - Answers development occurs more or less simultaneously in multiple areas
domain-specific model - Answers development occurs at different rates in different areas
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) - Answers A Swiss Psychologist credited with one of the
most influential theories of cognitive
development.
-Stage Theory
-Horizontal Decalage (ability to do some things in area of learning but not others; no 2 stairs at once)
Piaget's Stage Theory of Cognitive Development - Answers -based on principle of kids wanting control
of environment
-equilibration vs disequilibrium (how does a child achieve control of environment?); schemes to
package information
-assimilate similar knowledge; accommodate new things by changing old schemes or creating new
ones
schemes (piaget) - Answers frameworks that develop to help organize knowledge (piaget)
stages of cognitive development (piaget) - Answers sensorimotor (birth-2), preoperational (2-7),
concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)
Sensorimotor Stage (piaget) - Answers in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities; rudimentary ability to represent things
mentally
-object permanence
-representational thought
Preoperational Stage (piaget) - Answers Builds upon sensorimotor: further development in the ability
to think and reason
-language development
-egocentricism (mountain problem)
Concrete Operational Stage (piaget) - Answers Children are becoming more adult like but
tend to reasoning tasks based in the
concrete world
-Representational Thought
-conservation (ability to understand same quantity can take different shapes)
-Reversible Thinking
educational psychology - Answers apply psychological knowledge in order to
improve the quality and outcome of the
educational process
-uses science to
uncover information that helps teachers
solve problems and teach effectively
-uncovers trends in how teachers teach and how students learn
-Teachers can learn from descriptive and
experimental research
What can Education offer Psychology - Answers The challenge of explaining learning and
cognition in realistic situations
What can Psychology offer Education - Answers Scientific valid methods of instruction
based upon research evidence and
testable theory
principles - Answers describe well-known and
established relationships between events
Theories - Answers attempt to explain principles (explain
why things happen the way that they do)
Hypotheses - Answers testable ideas that are used to help us build Theories
Descriptive Research - Answers -Single-Case Study (Watson's approach; lots of observation but not
lots of subjects)
-Survey Research (evaluations)
-Correlational (doesn't mean causation)
-Quasi-Experimental (close as you can get to experimental research without random assignments)
Experimental Research - Answers -lab studies
-randomized field trials
-can be unethical if you are withholding something good from subject
-error taken care of; can make causal claims (but only for specific populations)
-population/sample: random; needs control group
positive correlation - Answers a relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the
other variable also increases; graph goes from left to right "up"
no correlation - Answers There is no relationship between data sets
negative correlation - Answers as one variable increases, the other decreases; graph goes from top
left to bottom right "down"
independent variable - Answers The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied
dependent variable - Answers The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable
statistical signifcance - Answers statistics must have a strong enough correlation that it can't be
chance
internal validity - Answers ability of your design to adequately test your hypotheses
external validity - Answers the degree to which your findings extend beyond the research setting and
sample
Generalizability - Answers Observational/Correlational (capture about the world) vs. Experimental
(causal)
Reliability - Answers Are your results replicable by others
steps of research process - Answers 1. select and frame research question
2. choose appropriate methods
3. collect data
4. analyze data
5. draw conclusions and report findings
journal article components - Answers common Layout - 6 Sections:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
, 3. Methods (Subjects/Participants, Materials/Instruments, Procedure)
4. Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion/Conclusions
p-value - Answers -Expressed as a decimal between 0 and 1
-Probability that observed data would occur by
chance
-Frequently expressed as p<.05, p<.01
the goal of educational psychology is to: - Answers provide different theoretical lenses which learning
can be examined and teaching strategies be implemented
thinking about your own thinking is: - Answers metacognitive processes
the belief that intelligence is something that you are born with is an example of which view: -
Answers entity view
a researcher noticed that as the number of snorkels sold increases, so do accidental drownings. which
would be appropriate action: - Answers correlation doesn't imply causation (further define the
relationship)
laboratory experiments typically: - Answers use treatment or condition
Canalization - Answers Refers to the extent to which a behavior or an
underlying ability develops without respect to
the environment (ex: memory abilities)
true or false, Teachers typically have the greatest impact.
on weakly canalized skills - Answers true
Maturation - Answers any relatively permanent change that occurs as a result of biological aging
continuous vs. stagelike development - Answers continuous= build (v); stagelike= distinct, cognitive
development documented by tests (piaget)
domain-general model - Answers development occurs more or less simultaneously in multiple areas
domain-specific model - Answers development occurs at different rates in different areas
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) - Answers A Swiss Psychologist credited with one of the
most influential theories of cognitive
development.
-Stage Theory
-Horizontal Decalage (ability to do some things in area of learning but not others; no 2 stairs at once)
Piaget's Stage Theory of Cognitive Development - Answers -based on principle of kids wanting control
of environment
-equilibration vs disequilibrium (how does a child achieve control of environment?); schemes to
package information
-assimilate similar knowledge; accommodate new things by changing old schemes or creating new
ones
schemes (piaget) - Answers frameworks that develop to help organize knowledge (piaget)
stages of cognitive development (piaget) - Answers sensorimotor (birth-2), preoperational (2-7),
concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)
Sensorimotor Stage (piaget) - Answers in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities; rudimentary ability to represent things
mentally
-object permanence
-representational thought
Preoperational Stage (piaget) - Answers Builds upon sensorimotor: further development in the ability
to think and reason
-language development
-egocentricism (mountain problem)
Concrete Operational Stage (piaget) - Answers Children are becoming more adult like but
tend to reasoning tasks based in the
concrete world
-Representational Thought
-conservation (ability to understand same quantity can take different shapes)
-Reversible Thinking
