PATHO 370 – Midterm Practice Examination with verified answers
2026/2027 version /instant pdf
1. Pathophysiology is best defined as the study of:
A. The normal structure of the human body
B. Functional changes associated with disease or injury
C. Drug therapy for diseases
D. Surgical treatment of disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines how normal physiological processes are altered by
disease.
2. Homeostasis refers to:
A. Complete absence of disease
B. Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes
C. Growth of microorganisms
D. Destruction of body tissues
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains optimal internal conditions through regulatory mechanisms.
3. Which component of the cell is known as the "powerhouse" because it
produces ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration.
4. The nucleus primarily functions to:
,A. Produce ATP
B. Store and regulate genetic information
C. Digest cellular waste
D. Synthesize lipids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA and regulates cell activities.
5. Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane from lower
solute concentration to higher solute concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Filtration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water toward a higher solute concentration.
6. Active transport differs from passive transport because it:
A. Requires cellular energy (ATP)
B. Occurs only in the lungs
C. Does not require a membrane
D. Moves substances down their concentration gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.
7. Cellular adaptation to increased workload resulting in increased cell size is
called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, commonly seen in skeletal and cardiac
muscle.
8. An increase in the number of cells is known as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell division.
9. Atrophy refers to:
A. Enlargement of cells
B. Reduction in cell size or tissue mass
C. Cancer formation
D. Cell rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrophy occurs due to decreased workload, aging, malnutrition, or loss of nerve
supply.
10. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with myocardial
infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Fat necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in most solid organs.
2026/2027 version /instant pdf
1. Pathophysiology is best defined as the study of:
A. The normal structure of the human body
B. Functional changes associated with disease or injury
C. Drug therapy for diseases
D. Surgical treatment of disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines how normal physiological processes are altered by
disease.
2. Homeostasis refers to:
A. Complete absence of disease
B. Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes
C. Growth of microorganisms
D. Destruction of body tissues
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains optimal internal conditions through regulatory mechanisms.
3. Which component of the cell is known as the "powerhouse" because it
produces ATP?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration.
4. The nucleus primarily functions to:
,A. Produce ATP
B. Store and regulate genetic information
C. Digest cellular waste
D. Synthesize lipids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus contains DNA and regulates cell activities.
5. Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane from lower
solute concentration to higher solute concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Filtration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the passive movement of water toward a higher solute concentration.
6. Active transport differs from passive transport because it:
A. Requires cellular energy (ATP)
B. Occurs only in the lungs
C. Does not require a membrane
D. Moves substances down their concentration gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.
7. Cellular adaptation to increased workload resulting in increased cell size is
called:
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, commonly seen in skeletal and cardiac
muscle.
8. An increase in the number of cells is known as:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell division.
9. Atrophy refers to:
A. Enlargement of cells
B. Reduction in cell size or tissue mass
C. Cancer formation
D. Cell rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrophy occurs due to decreased workload, aging, malnutrition, or loss of nerve
supply.
10. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with myocardial
infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Fat necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in most solid organs.
