Chapter 01: Cancer: An Overview
Washington & Leaver: Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany
ANS: A
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
REF: p. 3
2. Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process?
a. Anti-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Somato-oncogenes
ANS: D
Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part
in the development of tumors. Somato-oncogenes do not exist.
REF: p. 3
3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.
a. anti-oncogenes
b. oncogenes
c. proto-oncogenes
d. somato-oncogenes
ANS: A
Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as
anti-oncogenes.
REF: p. 3
4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. G3
ANS: D
G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are growth phases
during the mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively
long phase between nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not
part of the mammalian cell cycle.
, REF: pp. 3-4
5. Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing
for DNA replication?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M
ANS: A
G0 is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase are not preparing
for DNA synthesis.
REF: pp. 3-4
6. In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M
ANS: D
“S” is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs.
REF: p. 4
7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.
a. G1, G2, M, S
b. G1, G2, S, M
c. G1, M, G2, S
d. G1, S, G2, M
ANS: D
The typical mammalian cell will move from G1 to S, followed by G2, and then M. Some
cells will eventually pause in G0 after M.
REF: pp. 3-4
8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic tumors?
a. Closely resemble the cells of origin
b. Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
c. Do not resemble the cells of origin
ANS: C
Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors. Undifferentiated cells do not
resemble the normal cells of origin.
REF: p. 4
Washington & Leaver: Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany
ANS: A
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
REF: p. 3
2. Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process?
a. Anti-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Somato-oncogenes
ANS: D
Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part
in the development of tumors. Somato-oncogenes do not exist.
REF: p. 3
3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.
a. anti-oncogenes
b. oncogenes
c. proto-oncogenes
d. somato-oncogenes
ANS: A
Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as
anti-oncogenes.
REF: p. 3
4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. G3
ANS: D
G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are growth phases
during the mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively
long phase between nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not
part of the mammalian cell cycle.
, REF: pp. 3-4
5. Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing
for DNA replication?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M
ANS: A
G0 is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase are not preparing
for DNA synthesis.
REF: pp. 3-4
6. In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M
ANS: D
“S” is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs.
REF: p. 4
7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.
a. G1, G2, M, S
b. G1, G2, S, M
c. G1, M, G2, S
d. G1, S, G2, M
ANS: D
The typical mammalian cell will move from G1 to S, followed by G2, and then M. Some
cells will eventually pause in G0 after M.
REF: pp. 3-4
8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic tumors?
a. Closely resemble the cells of origin
b. Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
c. Do not resemble the cells of origin
ANS: C
Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors. Undifferentiated cells do not
resemble the normal cells of origin.
REF: p. 4
