MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 9TH EDITION IGNATAVICIUS TEST BANK

Chapter 02: Overview of Health Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Acid-base balance occurs when the pH level of the blood is between: a. 7.3 and 7.5 b. 7.35 and 7.45 c. 7.4 and 7.5 d. 7.25 and 7.35 ANS: B Acid-base balance is the maintenance of arterial blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 through hydrogen ion production and elimination. DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 13 KEY: Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation | Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances NOT: Describe common fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances. 2. The nurse would expect a patient with respiratory acidosis to have an excessive amount of a. Hydrogen ions. b. Bicarbonate. c. Oxygen. d. Phosphate. ANS: A Respiratory acidosis occurs when the arterial blood pH level falls below 7.35 and is caused by either too many hydrogen ions in the body (respiratory acidosis) or too little bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis). Excessive oxygen and phosphate are not characteristic of respiratory acidosis. NURSINGTB.COM DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 13 KEY: Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation | Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances NOT: Describe common fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances. 3. The best way for an individual to maintain acid-base balance is to a. avoid or quit smoking. b. exercise regularly. c. eat healthy and well-balanced meals. d. All of the above. ANS: D Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the best way to maintain acid-base balance. For example, most cases of COPD can be prevented by avoiding or quitting smoking, while regular exercise and a healthy diet can decrease the incidence of type-2 diabetes. DIF: Patient education REF: 14 KEY: Assessment MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. The process to control cellular growth, replication, and differentiation to maintain homeostasis is called: a. cellular regulation. b. cellular impairment. c. cellular reproduction. d. cellular tumor.