WGTC BIOLOGY 2114 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Epinephrine
Answer:
>is a potent stimulator of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, & increased
blood flow to skeletal muscles & the heart. >fight or flight >sympathetic
nervous system/adrenal medulla
Question:
Norepinephrine
Answer:
>exert the same effects as epinephrine >has greater influence on peripheral
vasoconstriction & blood pressure >sympathetic nervous system/adrenal
medulla
Question:
Insulin
Answer:
>main effect is to lower glucose levels >also influences protein & fat
metabolism >pancreas
Question:
Growth Hormone (GH)
Answer:
>somatotropin/has both growth promoting & metabolic actions >stimulates
most body cells to increase in size & divide >its major targets are the bones &
skeletal muscles >hypothalamus
Question:
Follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >gonadotropin >regulate the function of the gonads
(ovaries & testes) >stimulates egg & sperm production
Question:
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >gonadotropin >regulate the function of the gonads
(ovaries & testes) >promotes production of gonadal hormones >triggers
ovulation >stimulates testes to produce testosterone
Question:
Oxytocin
Answer:
>posterior pituitary >stimulant of uterine contractions >hormonal trigger for
milk ejection ("letdown") reflex
,Question:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid
hormones/glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors
Question:
Thyroid - stimulating hormone (TSH)
Answer:
>tropic hormone >stimulates normal development & secretory activity of the
thyroid gland >anterior pituitary
Question:
Prolactin (PRL)
Answer:
>protein hormone >gonadotropin >stimulates milk production by the breasts
>rise & fall in rhythm with estrogen blood levels
Question:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer:
>prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration
& water overload >hypothalamus >alcohol inhibits ADH secretion & causes
copious urine output & produces "hangover" because of dehydration from the
alcohol >causes vasoconstriction
Question:
Thyroxine
Answer:
>T4 >is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid follicles >has 4 bound
iodine atoms
Question:
Calcitonin
Answer:
>a polypeptide protein >its effect is to lower blood Ca2+ levels >targets
skeleton
Question:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer:
>is the single most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the
blood >functions: transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, &
blood clotting >ensures calcium homeostasis
Question:
Aldosterone
Answer:
>the most potent mineralocorticoid >reduces excretion of Na+ from the body
>stimulated by decreasing blood volumes & blood pressure, & rising blood
levels of K+.
, Question:
Cortisol
Answer:
>glucocorticoid hormone >secreted in significant amounts in humans >forms
glucose from fats & proteins
Question:
Type I (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
Answer:
>destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in deficit of insulin & inability to use
carbohydrates
Question:
Type II (non - insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
Answer:
> is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the
context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency >obesity & genetics
to be primary cause >most common form
Question:
Water-soluble hormones (all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid
hormone)
Answer:
>exert their effects through an intracellular second messenger that is activated
when a hormone binds to a membrane receptor >Second messenger systems,
activated when a hormone binds to a plasma membrane receptor, activate
G-proteins within the cell that alter enzyme activity
Question:
Lipid-soluble hormones (steroids and thyroid hormone)
Answer:
>diffuse into the cell, where they bind to intracellular receptors, migrate to the
nucleus, and activate specific target sequences of DNA >Direct gene activation
occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor, which activates a
specific region of DNA, causing the production of mRNA, and intitiation of
protein synthesis
Question:
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart
Answer:
>Right & left atrium (superior) >Right & left ventricle (inferior)
Question:
Identify the 4 valves of the heart
Answer:
>Tricuspid valve (right atrium) - 3 flexible cusps (atrioventricular valve)
prevent backflow into the atria >pulmonary/aortic valve (semilunar) - guard
the bases of the large arteries from ventricles & prevent backflow into the
ventricles >bicuspid valve (left atrium) - also called mitral valve
(atrioventricular valve)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Epinephrine
Answer:
>is a potent stimulator of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, & increased
blood flow to skeletal muscles & the heart. >fight or flight >sympathetic
nervous system/adrenal medulla
Question:
Norepinephrine
Answer:
>exert the same effects as epinephrine >has greater influence on peripheral
vasoconstriction & blood pressure >sympathetic nervous system/adrenal
medulla
Question:
Insulin
Answer:
>main effect is to lower glucose levels >also influences protein & fat
metabolism >pancreas
Question:
Growth Hormone (GH)
Answer:
>somatotropin/has both growth promoting & metabolic actions >stimulates
most body cells to increase in size & divide >its major targets are the bones &
skeletal muscles >hypothalamus
Question:
Follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >gonadotropin >regulate the function of the gonads
(ovaries & testes) >stimulates egg & sperm production
Question:
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >gonadotropin >regulate the function of the gonads
(ovaries & testes) >promotes production of gonadal hormones >triggers
ovulation >stimulates testes to produce testosterone
Question:
Oxytocin
Answer:
>posterior pituitary >stimulant of uterine contractions >hormonal trigger for
milk ejection ("letdown") reflex
,Question:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Answer:
>anterior pituitary >stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid
hormones/glucocorticoids that help the body to resist stressors
Question:
Thyroid - stimulating hormone (TSH)
Answer:
>tropic hormone >stimulates normal development & secretory activity of the
thyroid gland >anterior pituitary
Question:
Prolactin (PRL)
Answer:
>protein hormone >gonadotropin >stimulates milk production by the breasts
>rise & fall in rhythm with estrogen blood levels
Question:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer:
>prevents wide swings in water balance, helping the body avoid dehydration
& water overload >hypothalamus >alcohol inhibits ADH secretion & causes
copious urine output & produces "hangover" because of dehydration from the
alcohol >causes vasoconstriction
Question:
Thyroxine
Answer:
>T4 >is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid follicles >has 4 bound
iodine atoms
Question:
Calcitonin
Answer:
>a polypeptide protein >its effect is to lower blood Ca2+ levels >targets
skeleton
Question:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer:
>is the single most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the
blood >functions: transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, &
blood clotting >ensures calcium homeostasis
Question:
Aldosterone
Answer:
>the most potent mineralocorticoid >reduces excretion of Na+ from the body
>stimulated by decreasing blood volumes & blood pressure, & rising blood
levels of K+.
, Question:
Cortisol
Answer:
>glucocorticoid hormone >secreted in significant amounts in humans >forms
glucose from fats & proteins
Question:
Type I (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
Answer:
>destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in deficit of insulin & inability to use
carbohydrates
Question:
Type II (non - insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
Answer:
> is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the
context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency >obesity & genetics
to be primary cause >most common form
Question:
Water-soluble hormones (all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid
hormone)
Answer:
>exert their effects through an intracellular second messenger that is activated
when a hormone binds to a membrane receptor >Second messenger systems,
activated when a hormone binds to a plasma membrane receptor, activate
G-proteins within the cell that alter enzyme activity
Question:
Lipid-soluble hormones (steroids and thyroid hormone)
Answer:
>diffuse into the cell, where they bind to intracellular receptors, migrate to the
nucleus, and activate specific target sequences of DNA >Direct gene activation
occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor, which activates a
specific region of DNA, causing the production of mRNA, and intitiation of
protein synthesis
Question:
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart
Answer:
>Right & left atrium (superior) >Right & left ventricle (inferior)
Question:
Identify the 4 valves of the heart
Answer:
>Tricuspid valve (right atrium) - 3 flexible cusps (atrioventricular valve)
prevent backflow into the atria >pulmonary/aortic valve (semilunar) - guard
the bases of the large arteries from ventricles & prevent backflow into the
ventricles >bicuspid valve (left atrium) - also called mitral valve
(atrioventricular valve)
