KIN 312 QUIZ 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What is the definition of a spinal cord injury?
Answer:
Damage to the white fibre tracts and/or grey matter of the spinal cord
resulting in loss of function
Question:
What is the incidence of SCI in Ontario and Canada?
Answer:
11 people in Ontario and 39 people in Canada per week will experience a SCI
Question:
What is the prevalence of SCI in Ontario and Canada?
Answer:
33 000 people in Ontario and 86 000 people in Canada live with SCI
Question:
What are 2 risk factors of SCI?
Answer:
Age (15-19yrs, over 70yrs), sex (males 2x)
Question:
What are the causes of traumatic SCI?
Answer:
External physical impact induced injury
Question:
What are the causes of non-traumatic SCI?
Answer:
Acute or chronic disease processes
Question:
Is there more cases of traumatic SCI in younger people or older adults?
Answer:
Younger
Question:
Is there more cases of non-traumatic SCI in younger people or older adults?
Answer:
Older adults
Question:
Where does SCI remain a terminal condition?
Answer:
Low income countries
,Question:
Where does Canada rank on the global scale of SCI and why?
Answer:
At the top mostly due to weather conditions (more slips/trips/falls, car
accidents etc.)
Question:
What causes a lot of SCI in people under 15?
Answer:
Sports
Question:
What causes a lot of SCI in people over 60?
Answer:
Falls
Question:
What are common sources of a spinal lesion?
Answer:
Contusion (bruise in the SC), Compression (pressure on SC from outside
source), Concussion, Tear, Cutting
Question:
What are the 3 main combinations of TSCI?
Answer:
1.Impact and persistent or intermittent compression (bone fragments
compressing SC)
2.Distraction (pulling apart 2 vertebrae, stretching of the SC)
3.Laceration/transection (sharp bone fragments cut tissue)
Question:
What is the risk of a burst fracture?
Answer:
Lots of fragments can put pressure on the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of an epidural hematoma?
Answer:
Bleeding, compressing the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of a ruptured intervertebral disc?
Answer:
Fluid leaks out and compresses the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of metastatic cancer?
Answer:
Invading neural tissue and compressing spinal cord
Question:
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
, Answer:
Base of brainstem, conus medullar is (around L1/2)
Question:
What are the 4 regions of the SC and how many spinal nerves are there in each
region?
Answer:
Cervical with 8 nerves, thoracic with 12 nerves, lumbar with 5 nerves, sacral
with 5 nerves
Question:
What is the function of C1-C4?
Answer:
Breathing, head and neck movement, keeps the diaphragm alive
Question:
What is the function of C4-T1?
Answer:
Heart rate control, upper limb movement
Question:
What is the function of T1-T12?
Answer:
Trunk control, temperature regulation, abdominal muscles
Question:
What is the function of L1-S1?
Answer:
Lower limb movement
Question:
What is the function of S2-S4/5?
Answer:
Bowel, bladder and sexual function
Question:
Label this diagram of the spinal cord cross section
Answer:
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
What is the definition of a spinal cord injury?
Answer:
Damage to the white fibre tracts and/or grey matter of the spinal cord
resulting in loss of function
Question:
What is the incidence of SCI in Ontario and Canada?
Answer:
11 people in Ontario and 39 people in Canada per week will experience a SCI
Question:
What is the prevalence of SCI in Ontario and Canada?
Answer:
33 000 people in Ontario and 86 000 people in Canada live with SCI
Question:
What are 2 risk factors of SCI?
Answer:
Age (15-19yrs, over 70yrs), sex (males 2x)
Question:
What are the causes of traumatic SCI?
Answer:
External physical impact induced injury
Question:
What are the causes of non-traumatic SCI?
Answer:
Acute or chronic disease processes
Question:
Is there more cases of traumatic SCI in younger people or older adults?
Answer:
Younger
Question:
Is there more cases of non-traumatic SCI in younger people or older adults?
Answer:
Older adults
Question:
Where does SCI remain a terminal condition?
Answer:
Low income countries
,Question:
Where does Canada rank on the global scale of SCI and why?
Answer:
At the top mostly due to weather conditions (more slips/trips/falls, car
accidents etc.)
Question:
What causes a lot of SCI in people under 15?
Answer:
Sports
Question:
What causes a lot of SCI in people over 60?
Answer:
Falls
Question:
What are common sources of a spinal lesion?
Answer:
Contusion (bruise in the SC), Compression (pressure on SC from outside
source), Concussion, Tear, Cutting
Question:
What are the 3 main combinations of TSCI?
Answer:
1.Impact and persistent or intermittent compression (bone fragments
compressing SC)
2.Distraction (pulling apart 2 vertebrae, stretching of the SC)
3.Laceration/transection (sharp bone fragments cut tissue)
Question:
What is the risk of a burst fracture?
Answer:
Lots of fragments can put pressure on the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of an epidural hematoma?
Answer:
Bleeding, compressing the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of a ruptured intervertebral disc?
Answer:
Fluid leaks out and compresses the spinal cord
Question:
What is the risk of metastatic cancer?
Answer:
Invading neural tissue and compressing spinal cord
Question:
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
, Answer:
Base of brainstem, conus medullar is (around L1/2)
Question:
What are the 4 regions of the SC and how many spinal nerves are there in each
region?
Answer:
Cervical with 8 nerves, thoracic with 12 nerves, lumbar with 5 nerves, sacral
with 5 nerves
Question:
What is the function of C1-C4?
Answer:
Breathing, head and neck movement, keeps the diaphragm alive
Question:
What is the function of C4-T1?
Answer:
Heart rate control, upper limb movement
Question:
What is the function of T1-T12?
Answer:
Trunk control, temperature regulation, abdominal muscles
Question:
What is the function of L1-S1?
Answer:
Lower limb movement
Question:
What is the function of S2-S4/5?
Answer:
Bowel, bladder and sexual function
Question:
Label this diagram of the spinal cord cross section
Answer:
