NAVLE STUDY CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔If a mass appears in the lungs on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral
radiograph, where is the mass located?
A - Body wall
B - Left lung
C - Mediastinum
D - Right lung - ✔✔B
The correct answer is left lung. On a right lateral radiograph, the right side is down. In
this situation, the right lung lobes are compressed and the left lung lobes inflated,
accentuating a mass in the left lung. On a left lateral radiograph, the left lobes are
compressed and a mass in the left lung can be concealed due to compression of the
lung surrounding the mass.
✔✔Which of the following correctly describes placement of the electrodes when
performing an electrocardiogram on a dog or cat? (note arms = forelegs, legs = rear
legs)
A - White on left arm, black on right arm, red on right leg
B - White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg
C - Red on right arm, green on left leg, black on left arm
D - Black on right arm, white on left leg, red on right leg
E - Red on left leg, green on right arm, black on left arm - ✔✔B
White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg.
The electrodes used to record an ECG are always attached the same way. The white
colored wire is attached to right arm, black to the left arm, and red to the left leg. When
4 are used, the green wire is attached to the right leg.
,To record each lead (I, II, III), the ECG monitor automatically compares the electrical
difference between the appropriate locations.
The different leads allow measurement of activity from different angles around the heart.
This is useful for monitoring, as different leads are tried till a good waveform is found.
The waveforms vary with each lead, abnormal waveforms are seen with cardiac
enlargement.
Click here for excellent summaries on performing and interpreting ECGs, and ECG lead
placement, courtesy of the UPenn CAL site.
✔✔A 10 year male castrated German Shepherd dog presents for an acute onset of
ptosis, drooping of the lip, and drooping of the cheek all on the left side. What nerve has
been damaged?
A - CN VI
B - CN V
C - CN III
D - CN VII - ✔✔D
The correct answer is CN VII. This is the facial nerve which is responsible for motor of
the facial muscles as well as sensation in the ear and lacrimation. CN V is mostly
responsible for sensation. CN III is the oculomotor nerve and serves in movement of the
eye. CN VI is also involved in movement of the eye.
✔✔Failure to control mild endemic respiratory disease in swine caused by Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae predisposes pigs to complications.
Exudative bronchopneumonia and polyarthritis are most commonly seen in herds
infected with both Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and which other organism?
A - Bordetella bronchiseptica
B - Fusobacterium necrophorum
C - Hemophilus parasuis
D - Pasteurella multocida
E - Swine influenza virus - ✔✔D
Pasteurella multocida infection in conjunction with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes
exudative bronchopneumonia, polyarthritis, and chronic lung lesions.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, (also called "Enzootic pneumonia") is a common,
smoldering low-level illness.
Stressors (parasites, other infections, even weather) can result in severe pneumonia.
, Best managed by decreasing stressors with improved ventilation and decreased
overcrowding.
In endemic herds, ABX for sick individuals (ie: lincomycin, tylosin, tiamulin, or a
tetracycline) helps control illness, most likely by preventing secondary bacterial infection
(like Pasteurella).
Bacterin vaccines give good protection, decrease signs (coughing).
Pre-farrowing vaccination of sows decreases colonization in suckling piglets.
✔✔You have a 6-kg cat that you wish to raise his PCV from 15 to 25%. You plan to
administer packed red blood cells. How many milliliters of packed red blood cells will
this cat need?
A - 15 ml
B - 120 ml
C - 60 ml
D - 30 ml - ✔✔C
The correct answer is 60 ml. In order to raise the PCV 1% you will need to give 1ml/kg
of packed red blood cells. So it takes 6mls to raise this cat's PCV by 1%. If we are going
to increase it by 10% we will need 60ml of packed red blood cells.
✔✔Which choice is the pastern joint?
A - Carpometacarpal joint
B - Proximal interphalangeal joint (PI-PII)
C - Distal interphalangeal joint (PII-PIII)
D - Metacarpophalangeal joint
E - Intermetacarpal joint - ✔✔B
The proximal interphalangeal joint (PI-PII) is the pastern.
Clinically important because one of the 3 most important nerve blocks, the foot block
(also called pastern or abaxial sesamoid nerve block (ASNB)) is done just above the
pastern.
Can use a pastern block to make a horse with acute laminitis comfortable.
✔✔A newborn foal is examined two hours after birth. The foal has a heart rate of 100
bpm [N=100-120], and a continuous murmur loudest on the left side. Which one of the
following choices is the most likely explanation for these findings?
A - Incipient septicemia
B - Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔If a mass appears in the lungs on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral
radiograph, where is the mass located?
A - Body wall
B - Left lung
C - Mediastinum
D - Right lung - ✔✔B
The correct answer is left lung. On a right lateral radiograph, the right side is down. In
this situation, the right lung lobes are compressed and the left lung lobes inflated,
accentuating a mass in the left lung. On a left lateral radiograph, the left lobes are
compressed and a mass in the left lung can be concealed due to compression of the
lung surrounding the mass.
✔✔Which of the following correctly describes placement of the electrodes when
performing an electrocardiogram on a dog or cat? (note arms = forelegs, legs = rear
legs)
A - White on left arm, black on right arm, red on right leg
B - White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg
C - Red on right arm, green on left leg, black on left arm
D - Black on right arm, white on left leg, red on right leg
E - Red on left leg, green on right arm, black on left arm - ✔✔B
White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg.
The electrodes used to record an ECG are always attached the same way. The white
colored wire is attached to right arm, black to the left arm, and red to the left leg. When
4 are used, the green wire is attached to the right leg.
,To record each lead (I, II, III), the ECG monitor automatically compares the electrical
difference between the appropriate locations.
The different leads allow measurement of activity from different angles around the heart.
This is useful for monitoring, as different leads are tried till a good waveform is found.
The waveforms vary with each lead, abnormal waveforms are seen with cardiac
enlargement.
Click here for excellent summaries on performing and interpreting ECGs, and ECG lead
placement, courtesy of the UPenn CAL site.
✔✔A 10 year male castrated German Shepherd dog presents for an acute onset of
ptosis, drooping of the lip, and drooping of the cheek all on the left side. What nerve has
been damaged?
A - CN VI
B - CN V
C - CN III
D - CN VII - ✔✔D
The correct answer is CN VII. This is the facial nerve which is responsible for motor of
the facial muscles as well as sensation in the ear and lacrimation. CN V is mostly
responsible for sensation. CN III is the oculomotor nerve and serves in movement of the
eye. CN VI is also involved in movement of the eye.
✔✔Failure to control mild endemic respiratory disease in swine caused by Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae predisposes pigs to complications.
Exudative bronchopneumonia and polyarthritis are most commonly seen in herds
infected with both Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and which other organism?
A - Bordetella bronchiseptica
B - Fusobacterium necrophorum
C - Hemophilus parasuis
D - Pasteurella multocida
E - Swine influenza virus - ✔✔D
Pasteurella multocida infection in conjunction with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes
exudative bronchopneumonia, polyarthritis, and chronic lung lesions.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, (also called "Enzootic pneumonia") is a common,
smoldering low-level illness.
Stressors (parasites, other infections, even weather) can result in severe pneumonia.
, Best managed by decreasing stressors with improved ventilation and decreased
overcrowding.
In endemic herds, ABX for sick individuals (ie: lincomycin, tylosin, tiamulin, or a
tetracycline) helps control illness, most likely by preventing secondary bacterial infection
(like Pasteurella).
Bacterin vaccines give good protection, decrease signs (coughing).
Pre-farrowing vaccination of sows decreases colonization in suckling piglets.
✔✔You have a 6-kg cat that you wish to raise his PCV from 15 to 25%. You plan to
administer packed red blood cells. How many milliliters of packed red blood cells will
this cat need?
A - 15 ml
B - 120 ml
C - 60 ml
D - 30 ml - ✔✔C
The correct answer is 60 ml. In order to raise the PCV 1% you will need to give 1ml/kg
of packed red blood cells. So it takes 6mls to raise this cat's PCV by 1%. If we are going
to increase it by 10% we will need 60ml of packed red blood cells.
✔✔Which choice is the pastern joint?
A - Carpometacarpal joint
B - Proximal interphalangeal joint (PI-PII)
C - Distal interphalangeal joint (PII-PIII)
D - Metacarpophalangeal joint
E - Intermetacarpal joint - ✔✔B
The proximal interphalangeal joint (PI-PII) is the pastern.
Clinically important because one of the 3 most important nerve blocks, the foot block
(also called pastern or abaxial sesamoid nerve block (ASNB)) is done just above the
pastern.
Can use a pastern block to make a horse with acute laminitis comfortable.
✔✔A newborn foal is examined two hours after birth. The foal has a heart rate of 100
bpm [N=100-120], and a continuous murmur loudest on the left side. Which one of the
following choices is the most likely explanation for these findings?
A - Incipient septicemia
B - Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
