SYG 2000 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Sociology - Answers - The scientific study of social life, social change, and the social
causes and consequences of human behavior.
Underlying assumptions about sociology - Answers - 1) people are social beings.
2) people spend most of their lives in groups
3) people construct social reality through social interaction
4) conflict and change are inevitable
5) all groups have certain organizing characteristics
How is human activity organized? - Answers - 1) opportunities
2) disadvantages
3) sense of self
4) relationships with others and the large environment
The Sociological imagination - Answers - According to C. Wright Mills, it is "the vivid
awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society."
Social forces - Answers - anything humans create that influence or pressure people to
interact, behave, respond, or think in certain ways. (Ex. Cell phone)
Social Facts - Answers - collectively imposed ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that
have "the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual"
(Durkheim) They have a coercive power
Sociology offers.. - Answers - 1) questions to guide analysis
2) a vocabulary for answering those questions
The industrial revolution (1760-1870) - Answers - -produced goods
-grew food
-got from one place to another
-extracted resources
-communicated
-interacted
Mechanization - Answers - the process of replacing human and animal muscle as a
source of power with external sources of power (derived from burning wood, oil, coal,
natural gas.)
Sociology emerged as an effort to... - Answers - understand the dramatic and
immeasurable effects of the industrial revolution on human life across the globe.
Auguste Comte - Answers - - 1798-1857
, - named sociology
- father of positivism: idea that valid knowledge about the world can only be derived
from using the scientific method
- didn't work because people have free will
Karl Marx - Answers - - 1818-1883
- preoccupation: conflict as an agent of social change
- focused our attention on great class divides: every historical period gives rise to
specific types of confrontation between an exploiting class and an exploited class
The class divide centers around the... - Answers - means of production or the resources
(land tools, equipment, factories, transportation, labor) essential to the production and
distribution of goods and services
Bourgeoisie/capitalist class - Answers - the owners, goal is to profit
Proletariat/working class - Answers - workers, goal is to increase wages
Marx wanted worker to.. - Answers - unite against the bourgeoisie
Emile Durkheim - Answers - - 1858-1918
- preoccupation: the social ties that bind people to each other and society
- focused our attention on the division of labor and solidarity
- intersted especially in way that people are dependent upon strangers
Mechanical Solidarity - Answers - - simple division of labor were for the most part
everyone in a society performs the same tasks needed to maintain their lively hood
- sameness gives rise to common experiences, skills, beliefs
- intimacy to relationships
- rituals support connections among people
- importance of family and religion
Organic Solidarity - Answers - - Social ties founded on interdependence and
cooperation
- people relate to others in terms of their specialized roles in the division of labor and as
costumers
- interactions are short lived and impersonal
- people are not self-suffiecient
- dependent on STRANGERS
Max Weber - Answers - - 1864-1918
- preoccupation: social actions or the social forces that motivate people to act
- focused our attention on the broad reasons why people pursue goals, whatever those
goals may be
- Ex. why go to college?
Sociology - Answers - The scientific study of social life, social change, and the social
causes and consequences of human behavior.
Underlying assumptions about sociology - Answers - 1) people are social beings.
2) people spend most of their lives in groups
3) people construct social reality through social interaction
4) conflict and change are inevitable
5) all groups have certain organizing characteristics
How is human activity organized? - Answers - 1) opportunities
2) disadvantages
3) sense of self
4) relationships with others and the large environment
The Sociological imagination - Answers - According to C. Wright Mills, it is "the vivid
awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society."
Social forces - Answers - anything humans create that influence or pressure people to
interact, behave, respond, or think in certain ways. (Ex. Cell phone)
Social Facts - Answers - collectively imposed ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that
have "the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual"
(Durkheim) They have a coercive power
Sociology offers.. - Answers - 1) questions to guide analysis
2) a vocabulary for answering those questions
The industrial revolution (1760-1870) - Answers - -produced goods
-grew food
-got from one place to another
-extracted resources
-communicated
-interacted
Mechanization - Answers - the process of replacing human and animal muscle as a
source of power with external sources of power (derived from burning wood, oil, coal,
natural gas.)
Sociology emerged as an effort to... - Answers - understand the dramatic and
immeasurable effects of the industrial revolution on human life across the globe.
Auguste Comte - Answers - - 1798-1857
, - named sociology
- father of positivism: idea that valid knowledge about the world can only be derived
from using the scientific method
- didn't work because people have free will
Karl Marx - Answers - - 1818-1883
- preoccupation: conflict as an agent of social change
- focused our attention on great class divides: every historical period gives rise to
specific types of confrontation between an exploiting class and an exploited class
The class divide centers around the... - Answers - means of production or the resources
(land tools, equipment, factories, transportation, labor) essential to the production and
distribution of goods and services
Bourgeoisie/capitalist class - Answers - the owners, goal is to profit
Proletariat/working class - Answers - workers, goal is to increase wages
Marx wanted worker to.. - Answers - unite against the bourgeoisie
Emile Durkheim - Answers - - 1858-1918
- preoccupation: the social ties that bind people to each other and society
- focused our attention on the division of labor and solidarity
- intersted especially in way that people are dependent upon strangers
Mechanical Solidarity - Answers - - simple division of labor were for the most part
everyone in a society performs the same tasks needed to maintain their lively hood
- sameness gives rise to common experiences, skills, beliefs
- intimacy to relationships
- rituals support connections among people
- importance of family and religion
Organic Solidarity - Answers - - Social ties founded on interdependence and
cooperation
- people relate to others in terms of their specialized roles in the division of labor and as
costumers
- interactions are short lived and impersonal
- people are not self-suffiecient
- dependent on STRANGERS
Max Weber - Answers - - 1864-1918
- preoccupation: social actions or the social forces that motivate people to act
- focused our attention on the broad reasons why people pursue goals, whatever those
goals may be
- Ex. why go to college?
