Test Bank for Robbins Basic Pathology
(11th Edition) by Kumar & Abbas |
Complete Questions & Answers |
Chapters 1–24
What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles
moving toward the oropharynx?
a.
Nasal turbinates
c.
Cilia
b.
Alveolar macrophages
d.
Irritant receptors on the nares - answer- ANS: C
The submucosal glands of the bronchial lining produce mucus, contributing to the
mucous blanket that covers the bronchial epithelium. The ciliated epithelial cells
rhythmically beat this mucous blanket toward the trachea and pharynx, where it can be
swallowed or expectorated by coughing. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the pulmonary defense mechanism described.
Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
a.
Perfusion
c.
Respiration
b.
Ventilation
d.
Diffusion - answer- ANS: B
Of the options available, ventilation is the only term used to identify the mechanical
movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs.
When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear
decreased or absent breath sounds?
a.
Left lung
c.
Trachea
b.
,Right lung
d.
Carina - answer- ANS: B
The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left main
bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung
rather than the left or any of the other locations listed.
Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it:
a.
Extends vertically from the trachea.
b.
Is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus.
c.
Comes into contact with food and drink first.
d.
Is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcate. - answer- ANS: A
The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left
mainstem bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right
lung rather than the left. The size of both mainstems is equal. The trachea comes into
contact with food and drink first, and the carina is the site where the bronchi bifurcate.
Air passage among alveoli is collateral and evenly distributed because of the function of
which structures?
a.
Type I alveolar cells
c.
Acinus pores
b.
Pores of Kohn
d.
Alveolar pores - answer- ANS: B
Tiny passages called pores of Kohn permit some air to pass through the septa from
alveolus to alveolus, promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among
the alveoli. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the function that
allows air passage among alveoli.
Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?
a.
Trachea
c.
Alveolocapillary membrane
b.
Segmental bronchi
d.
Main bronchus - answer- ANS: C
Gas exchange occurs only across the alveolocapillary membrane.
, Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation
by which mechanism?
a.
Decreasing thoracic compliance
b.
Attracting water to the alveolar surface
c.
Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli
d.
Increasing surface tension in the alveoli - answer- ANS: C
Surfactant, a lipoprotein produced by type II alveolar cells, has a detergent-like effect
that separates the liquid molecules, thereby decreasing alveolar surface tension. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes the mechanism that allows
surfactant to facilitate alveolar distention and ventilation.
Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending
efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
a.
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
c.
Pneumotaxic center
b.
Ventral respiratory group
d.
Apneustic center - answer- ANS: A
The basic automatic rhythm of respiration is set by the DRG, a cluster of inspiratory
nerve cells located in the medulla that sends efferent impulses to the diaphragm and
inspiratory intercostal muscles. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies
the appropriate brainstem location.
Which structures secrete surfactant?
a.
Type I alveolar cells
c.
Alveolar macrophages
b.
Type II alveolar cells
d.
Stretch receptors - answer- ANS: B
Two major types of epithelial cells appear in the alveolus. Type I alveolar cells provide
structure, and type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner
surface of the alveolus and facilitates its expansion during inspiration, lowers alveolar
surface tension at end-expiration, and thereby prevents lung collapse. Neither alveolar
macrophages nor stretch receptors secrete surfactant.
(11th Edition) by Kumar & Abbas |
Complete Questions & Answers |
Chapters 1–24
What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles
moving toward the oropharynx?
a.
Nasal turbinates
c.
Cilia
b.
Alveolar macrophages
d.
Irritant receptors on the nares - answer- ANS: C
The submucosal glands of the bronchial lining produce mucus, contributing to the
mucous blanket that covers the bronchial epithelium. The ciliated epithelial cells
rhythmically beat this mucous blanket toward the trachea and pharynx, where it can be
swallowed or expectorated by coughing. This selection is the only option that accurately
identifies the pulmonary defense mechanism described.
Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
a.
Perfusion
c.
Respiration
b.
Ventilation
d.
Diffusion - answer- ANS: B
Of the options available, ventilation is the only term used to identify the mechanical
movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs.
When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear
decreased or absent breath sounds?
a.
Left lung
c.
Trachea
b.
,Right lung
d.
Carina - answer- ANS: B
The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left main
bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right lung
rather than the left or any of the other locations listed.
Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it:
a.
Extends vertically from the trachea.
b.
Is narrower than the left mainstem bronchus.
c.
Comes into contact with food and drink first.
d.
Is located at the site where the bronchi bifurcate. - answer- ANS: A
The right mainstem bronchus extends from the trachea more vertically than the left
mainstem bronchus; therefore aspirated fluids or foreign particles tend to enter the right
lung rather than the left. The size of both mainstems is equal. The trachea comes into
contact with food and drink first, and the carina is the site where the bronchi bifurcate.
Air passage among alveoli is collateral and evenly distributed because of the function of
which structures?
a.
Type I alveolar cells
c.
Acinus pores
b.
Pores of Kohn
d.
Alveolar pores - answer- ANS: B
Tiny passages called pores of Kohn permit some air to pass through the septa from
alveolus to alveolus, promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among
the alveoli. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the function that
allows air passage among alveoli.
Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?
a.
Trachea
c.
Alveolocapillary membrane
b.
Segmental bronchi
d.
Main bronchus - answer- ANS: C
Gas exchange occurs only across the alveolocapillary membrane.
, Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation
by which mechanism?
a.
Decreasing thoracic compliance
b.
Attracting water to the alveolar surface
c.
Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli
d.
Increasing surface tension in the alveoli - answer- ANS: C
Surfactant, a lipoprotein produced by type II alveolar cells, has a detergent-like effect
that separates the liquid molecules, thereby decreasing alveolar surface tension. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes the mechanism that allows
surfactant to facilitate alveolar distention and ventilation.
Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending
efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
a.
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
c.
Pneumotaxic center
b.
Ventral respiratory group
d.
Apneustic center - answer- ANS: A
The basic automatic rhythm of respiration is set by the DRG, a cluster of inspiratory
nerve cells located in the medulla that sends efferent impulses to the diaphragm and
inspiratory intercostal muscles. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies
the appropriate brainstem location.
Which structures secrete surfactant?
a.
Type I alveolar cells
c.
Alveolar macrophages
b.
Type II alveolar cells
d.
Stretch receptors - answer- ANS: B
Two major types of epithelial cells appear in the alveolus. Type I alveolar cells provide
structure, and type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner
surface of the alveolus and facilitates its expansion during inspiration, lowers alveolar
surface tension at end-expiration, and thereby prevents lung collapse. Neither alveolar
macrophages nor stretch receptors secrete surfactant.
