by Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia M. Brady, Jon
B. Mallatt Chapter 1-25||Latest 2026 ||
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Anatomy - answer- The discipline of anatomy is important to understand the link
between human structure and function.
Anatomical Information - answer- It describes external and internal structures of the
body and considers probable function.
Histology - answer- The branch of science that studies groups of specialized cells and
how they work together.
Cytology - answer- The analysis of the smallest units of life.
Surface Anatomy - answer- The anatomical specialty that refers to the study of general
form and superficial anatomical markings.
Regional Anatomy - answer- The study of all of the superficial and internal features in a
specific area of the body.
Systemic Anatomy - answer- The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Embryology - answer- The study of the early processes during the first two months of
development from conception.
Radiography - answer- The study of structures through specialized imaging techniques,
such as ultrasounds or x-rays.
Gross Anatomical Specialties - answer- Includes radiographic and surgical anatomy.
Clinical Anatomy - answer- The study of anatomical features that may undergo
recognizable pathological changes during illness.
Cross-sectional Anatomy - answer- A new subspecialty of gross anatomy as new
advances, such as computed tomography, have emerged.
,Homeostatic Conditions - answer- Disease is the failure to maintain homeostatic
conditions.
Highest Level of Organization - answer- The highest level of organization is organs.
Pathology - answer- The study of disease.
Levels of Complexity - answer- The correct arrangement of items from highest to lowest
level of complexity is organism, organ system, tissue, cellular, chemical or molecular.
Basic Functions of Living Humans - answer- Include excretion, metabolism, growth and
differentiation, and movement.
Responsiveness - answer- The vital ability of an organism to take certain actions when
changes occur in its immediate environment.
Metabolism - answer- Refers to all the chemical operations under way in the body.
Excretion - answer- Involves elimination of unnecessary or potentially harmful materials
metabolic waste from the body.
Growth and Differentiation - answer- Often include specialization of individual cells,
increase in cell size, increase in cell numbers, and changes in form and function.
skeletal system - answer- Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood
cell formation.
nervous system - answer- Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by
coordinating the activities of other organ systems.
integumentary system - answer- The major functions are temperature control and
protection of the body from external environmental hazards.
blood cell production - answer- The primary site is within the skeletal system.
urinary system - answer- Components include ureters and kidneys.
organ systems - answer- Anatomical units with related functions, formed by two or more
organs, often large enough to be studied without magnification, interdependent on each
other.
thymus - answer- The primary function is to control the development and maintenance
of one class of lymphocytes.
kidneys - answer- Primary functions include forming and concentrating urine, regulating
blood pH and ion concentrations, and performing endocrine functions.
, reproduction - answer- The process of creating subsequent generations, either
unicellular or multicellular.
differentiation - answer- The process of cellular specialization to perform particular
functions.
movement - answer- The property of living things to transport food, blood, or other
materials inside the body.
endocrine system - answer- Contains glandular structures that direct long-term changes
in the activities of other organ systems.
muscular system - answer- Allows for locomotion, provides support, and produces heat.
respiratory system - answer- Allows for gas exchange between the air and circulating
blood.
cardiovascular system - answer- Responsible for the internal transport of cells and
dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.
prone position - answer- The body is lying in anatomical position face down.
anatomical position - answer- A person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on
the floor, hands at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly.
frontal (coronal) section - answer- A plane that divides the body into anterior and
posterior sections.
anatomical equivalents - answer- The directional reference pairs that consist of cranial
and caudal.
hypogastric region - answer- The most inferior of the nine abdominopelvic regions.
mediastinum - answer- Includes structures such as the esophagus, trachea, and
thymus.
visceral pleura - answer- The serous membrane that covers the outer surface of a lung.
parietal peritoneum - answer- Lines the body wall within the abdominopelvic peritoneal
cavity.
mesenteries - answer- Provide support and stability to the stomach and small intestine.
diaphragm - answer- The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity.