NURS 2502 Exam Questions with 100%
Verified Correct Answers
Shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion → ↓ oxygen & nutrients needed for cellular metabolism.
Reversible stage of dying
Called 'the reversible stage of dying.'
End result of untreated shock
Cellular hypoxia → organ dysfunction → MODS → death.
Hypovolemic shock
Volume loss (blood or fluids).
Cardiogenic shock
Pump failure, ineffective CO.
Obstructive shock
Physical obstruction to heart/pulmonary circulation.
Distributive shock
Includes septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic types.
Baroreceptor inhibition
Leads to sympathetic stimulation.
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Released during vascular response.
, Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
↑ SVR during compensatory mechanisms.
Arteriole constriction
↑ BP as a compensatory mechanism.
Venous vasoconstriction
↑ preload/venous return.
Cerebral ischemia
Occurs when BP < 50 mmHg, early sign includes agitation, confusion, altered LOC.
Renin release
Triggered by ↓ renal perfusion.
Angiotensin II
Potent vasoconstrictor that stimulates aldosterone.
Aldosterone
Stimulates Na+ & water retention → ↑ volume.
Catecholamine release
Leads to tachycardia, anxiety, and narrowed pulse pressure (SBP ↓, DBP ↑).
Glycogenolysis
Epi-driven process occurring during hepatic response.
Tachypnea
Occurs to correct acidosis.
Verified Correct Answers
Shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion → ↓ oxygen & nutrients needed for cellular metabolism.
Reversible stage of dying
Called 'the reversible stage of dying.'
End result of untreated shock
Cellular hypoxia → organ dysfunction → MODS → death.
Hypovolemic shock
Volume loss (blood or fluids).
Cardiogenic shock
Pump failure, ineffective CO.
Obstructive shock
Physical obstruction to heart/pulmonary circulation.
Distributive shock
Includes septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic types.
Baroreceptor inhibition
Leads to sympathetic stimulation.
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Released during vascular response.
, Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
↑ SVR during compensatory mechanisms.
Arteriole constriction
↑ BP as a compensatory mechanism.
Venous vasoconstriction
↑ preload/venous return.
Cerebral ischemia
Occurs when BP < 50 mmHg, early sign includes agitation, confusion, altered LOC.
Renin release
Triggered by ↓ renal perfusion.
Angiotensin II
Potent vasoconstrictor that stimulates aldosterone.
Aldosterone
Stimulates Na+ & water retention → ↑ volume.
Catecholamine release
Leads to tachycardia, anxiety, and narrowed pulse pressure (SBP ↓, DBP ↑).
Glycogenolysis
Epi-driven process occurring during hepatic response.
Tachypnea
Occurs to correct acidosis.
