MED SURG 1 EXAM 2 | MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE |
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Objective of using hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the
blood and to restore fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
2 types of vascular access for hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔- Arteriovenous fistula
- Arteriovenous graft
- femoral/subclavian/ intrajugular access
What do you do for the patient to preserve an arm - correct answer ✔✔put a PINK band on that arm
T or F: Failure of the temporary dialysis access accounts for most hospital admissions of patients
undergoing chronic hemodialysis. - correct answer ✔✔False
Rationale: Failure of the permanent dialysis access accounts for most hospital admissions of patients
undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
Complications of hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔- rapid fluid shift, hypotension
- air embolus, infection
- disequilibrium syndrome
- arrythmias
What is disequilibrium syndrome? - correct answer ✔✔occurrence of neurological signs and symptoms
attributed to cerebral edema, during or following intermittent hemodialysis
What is CLABSI? - correct answer ✔✔central line associated blood stream infection
What must you examine before a pt is eligible for peritoneal dialysis - correct answer ✔✔examine family
structure and stability and learning ability since they can do this dialysis at home
Complications of peritoneal dialysis - correct answer ✔✔- peritonitis
- hernia
- electrolyte imbalance
- adhesions
- inadequate dialysis
- leakage
- bleeding
What must you monitor for dialysis patients? - correct answer ✔✔fluid and electrolyte balance
- IV therapy
- accurate I&O
- IV administration pump
- cardiac/respiratory status
- medications and doses
, Dietary considerations for dialysis pts - correct answer ✔✔sodium, potassium, protein, fluid, individual
nutritional needs
Skin care for dialysis pts with pruritis - correct answer ✔✔keep skin clean and well moisturized, trim
nails, and avoid scratching
What can cause nail clubbing? - correct answer ✔✔- chronic infections
- malignancies
- congenital heart defect
- inflammatory process
- impaired gas exchange
What is crepitis? - correct answer ✔✔- air leaking from the airway or lungs
- rice crispy crackling under the skin
What do the following sounds mean when percussing lungs?
- flat
- dull
- resonant - correct answer ✔✔flat- consolidation
dull- pleural effusion
resonant- normalé
What are pulmonary function tests (PFTs)? - correct answer ✔✔▪Non-invasive test routinely performed
by respiratory therapists
▪Can measure volume, ventilation, & mechanics of breathing, diffusion & gas exchange
Contraindications for nuclear/ radioisotope scans - correct answer ✔✔- pregnancy
- caffeine
- alcohol
- tobacco
What imaging study will a pt be NPO for? - correct answer ✔✔Endoscopic procedures (hold PO intake 4-
8 hrs prior, remove dentures)
T or F: The term "common cold" refers to an infectious, chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes
of the nasal cavity requiring hospitalization and treatment with IV antibiotics. - correct answer ✔✔False
Rationale: The "common cold" is acute inflammation of the nasal cavity that is typically self ‐limiting with
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise. The term is used with acute
URIs such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis and often when the causative agent is the influenza virus
What is epistaxis? - correct answer ✔✔nose bleed
How to control epistaxis if the pinch and hold method doesn't work? - correct answer ✔✔-
phenylephrine spray (vasoconstriction)
- cauterization with silver nitrate or electrocautery
- gauze packing
- ballon inflated catheter (stays in for up to 3-4 days)
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Objective of using hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the
blood and to restore fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
2 types of vascular access for hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔- Arteriovenous fistula
- Arteriovenous graft
- femoral/subclavian/ intrajugular access
What do you do for the patient to preserve an arm - correct answer ✔✔put a PINK band on that arm
T or F: Failure of the temporary dialysis access accounts for most hospital admissions of patients
undergoing chronic hemodialysis. - correct answer ✔✔False
Rationale: Failure of the permanent dialysis access accounts for most hospital admissions of patients
undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
Complications of hemodialysis - correct answer ✔✔- rapid fluid shift, hypotension
- air embolus, infection
- disequilibrium syndrome
- arrythmias
What is disequilibrium syndrome? - correct answer ✔✔occurrence of neurological signs and symptoms
attributed to cerebral edema, during or following intermittent hemodialysis
What is CLABSI? - correct answer ✔✔central line associated blood stream infection
What must you examine before a pt is eligible for peritoneal dialysis - correct answer ✔✔examine family
structure and stability and learning ability since they can do this dialysis at home
Complications of peritoneal dialysis - correct answer ✔✔- peritonitis
- hernia
- electrolyte imbalance
- adhesions
- inadequate dialysis
- leakage
- bleeding
What must you monitor for dialysis patients? - correct answer ✔✔fluid and electrolyte balance
- IV therapy
- accurate I&O
- IV administration pump
- cardiac/respiratory status
- medications and doses
, Dietary considerations for dialysis pts - correct answer ✔✔sodium, potassium, protein, fluid, individual
nutritional needs
Skin care for dialysis pts with pruritis - correct answer ✔✔keep skin clean and well moisturized, trim
nails, and avoid scratching
What can cause nail clubbing? - correct answer ✔✔- chronic infections
- malignancies
- congenital heart defect
- inflammatory process
- impaired gas exchange
What is crepitis? - correct answer ✔✔- air leaking from the airway or lungs
- rice crispy crackling under the skin
What do the following sounds mean when percussing lungs?
- flat
- dull
- resonant - correct answer ✔✔flat- consolidation
dull- pleural effusion
resonant- normalé
What are pulmonary function tests (PFTs)? - correct answer ✔✔▪Non-invasive test routinely performed
by respiratory therapists
▪Can measure volume, ventilation, & mechanics of breathing, diffusion & gas exchange
Contraindications for nuclear/ radioisotope scans - correct answer ✔✔- pregnancy
- caffeine
- alcohol
- tobacco
What imaging study will a pt be NPO for? - correct answer ✔✔Endoscopic procedures (hold PO intake 4-
8 hrs prior, remove dentures)
T or F: The term "common cold" refers to an infectious, chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes
of the nasal cavity requiring hospitalization and treatment with IV antibiotics. - correct answer ✔✔False
Rationale: The "common cold" is acute inflammation of the nasal cavity that is typically self ‐limiting with
nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise. The term is used with acute
URIs such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis and often when the causative agent is the influenza virus
What is epistaxis? - correct answer ✔✔nose bleed
How to control epistaxis if the pinch and hold method doesn't work? - correct answer ✔✔-
phenylephrine spray (vasoconstriction)
- cauterization with silver nitrate or electrocautery
- gauze packing
- ballon inflated catheter (stays in for up to 3-4 days)
