,BIOD171/BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam | Essential Microbiology
with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
A) The breakdown of glucose to release energy
B) The synthesis of macromolecules from smaller subunits
C) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
D) The process of converting light energy into chemical energy
Correct Answer: A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
Rationale: Metabolism is defined as the sum of all controlled biochemical reactions that occur in a living
organism to sustain life. It includes both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (synthesis) reactions.
2. What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?
A) To consume energy and slow down reactions
B) To speed up chemical reactions without being consumed
C) To provide structural support to cells
D) To store genetic information for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: To speed up chemical reactions without being consumed
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation
energy. They are not consumed in the reaction and can be reused repeatedly.
3. Which of the following correctly pairs the metabolic process with its description?
A) Catabolism – building complex molecules from simpler ones
B) Anabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
C) Catabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
D) Metabolism – the process of converting light into chemical energy
,Correct Answer: Catabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
Rationale: Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, which requires energy.
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
A) They are proteins
B) They are consumed during the reaction
C) They lower activation energy
D) They can be regulated by cofactors
Correct Answer: They are consumed during the reaction
Rationale: Enzymes are not consumed during chemical reactions; they can be used repeatedly. They are
proteins that lower activation energy and can be regulated by cofactors.
5. Which type of macromolecule is most often associated with cellular growth and repair?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: Proteins
Rationale: Anabolism involves the biosynthesis of macromolecules, most often associated with cellular
growth and repair. Proteins are the primary macromolecules involved in these processes.
6. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
A) Glucose
B) NADH
, C) ATP
D) FADH2
Correct Answer: ATP
Rationale: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, transferring energy
from catabolic reactions to anabolic reactions. ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds.
7. ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy.
A) Accept; donate
B) Donate; accept
C) Store; release
D) Release; store
Correct Answer: Donate; accept
Rationale: ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate, while ADP can accept energy in the form of
a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be dephosphorylated (ATP → ADP + Pi), while ADP can be
phosphorylated into ATP.
8. Which of the following statements about ATP and ADP is TRUE?
A) ATP has less energy than ADP
B) ATP is formed by dephosphorylation of ADP
C) ADP can be phosphorylated into ATP
D) ATP and ADP are identical molecules
Correct Answer: ADP can be phosphorylated into ATP
Rationale: ADP can accept a phosphate group and be phosphorylated into ATP. This process stores
energy in the high-energy phosphate bond of ATP.
with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A | 2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
A) The breakdown of glucose to release energy
B) The synthesis of macromolecules from smaller subunits
C) A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
D) The process of converting light energy into chemical energy
Correct Answer: A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life
Rationale: Metabolism is defined as the sum of all controlled biochemical reactions that occur in a living
organism to sustain life. It includes both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (synthesis) reactions.
2. What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?
A) To consume energy and slow down reactions
B) To speed up chemical reactions without being consumed
C) To provide structural support to cells
D) To store genetic information for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: To speed up chemical reactions without being consumed
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation
energy. They are not consumed in the reaction and can be reused repeatedly.
3. Which of the following correctly pairs the metabolic process with its description?
A) Catabolism – building complex molecules from simpler ones
B) Anabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
C) Catabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
D) Metabolism – the process of converting light into chemical energy
,Correct Answer: Catabolism – breaking down molecules to release energy
Rationale: Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, which requires energy.
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
A) They are proteins
B) They are consumed during the reaction
C) They lower activation energy
D) They can be regulated by cofactors
Correct Answer: They are consumed during the reaction
Rationale: Enzymes are not consumed during chemical reactions; they can be used repeatedly. They are
proteins that lower activation energy and can be regulated by cofactors.
5. Which type of macromolecule is most often associated with cellular growth and repair?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: Proteins
Rationale: Anabolism involves the biosynthesis of macromolecules, most often associated with cellular
growth and repair. Proteins are the primary macromolecules involved in these processes.
6. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
A) Glucose
B) NADH
, C) ATP
D) FADH2
Correct Answer: ATP
Rationale: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, transferring energy
from catabolic reactions to anabolic reactions. ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds.
7. ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy.
A) Accept; donate
B) Donate; accept
C) Store; release
D) Release; store
Correct Answer: Donate; accept
Rationale: ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate, while ADP can accept energy in the form of
a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be dephosphorylated (ATP → ADP + Pi), while ADP can be
phosphorylated into ATP.
8. Which of the following statements about ATP and ADP is TRUE?
A) ATP has less energy than ADP
B) ATP is formed by dephosphorylation of ADP
C) ADP can be phosphorylated into ATP
D) ATP and ADP are identical molecules
Correct Answer: ADP can be phosphorylated into ATP
Rationale: ADP can accept a phosphate group and be phosphorylated into ATP. This process stores
energy in the high-energy phosphate bond of ATP.
