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Kaplan Fundamentals Integrated Exam
Practice Questions 1–220 | Advanced/Hard
| Medical, Nursing, & Pharmacy Students
Question 1
A practical nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure accurate results?
A. Discard the first voided specimen
B. Keep the specimen at room temperature
C. Collect the urine in a sterile container
D. Begin the collection with the first voided specimen
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: For a 24-hour urine collection, the first voided specimen is discarded to mark the
start time. All subsequent urine is collected for 24 hours. The specimen should be refrigerated or
kept on ice (B). A clean container is sufficient; sterility is not required (C). The collection should
begin after discarding the first void, not with it (D).
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Question 2
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for crutches. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Place your weight on your axillae when using the crutches."
B. "Keep your elbows flexed at a 90-degree angle."
C. "Hold the handgrips with your wrists extended."
D. "Position the crutches 6 inches to the side of your feet."
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Crutches should be positioned approximately 6 inches to the side and 6 inches in
front of the feet. Weight should be on the hands, not the axillae (A), to prevent nerve damage.
Elbows should be flexed at 15-30 degrees (B), not 90 degrees. Wrists should be neutral, not
extended (C).
Question 3
A PN is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous enteral feeding through a nasogastric
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water every 8 hours
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B. Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees
C. Check the residual volume every 12 hours
D. Change the feeding bag every 48 hours
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The head of the bed should be elevated to 30-45 degrees to prevent aspiration. The
tube should be flushed with 30-50 mL of water every 4 hours (A), not every 8 hours. Residuals
should be checked every 4-6 hours (C), not every 12 hours. Feeding bags should be changed
every 24 hours (D), not every 48 hours.
Question 4
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client about preventing falls in the home. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Wear socks without shoes."
B. "Use a nightlight in the hallway."
C. "Place throw rugs in the bathroom."
D. "Keep furniture in high-traffic areas."
Correct Answer: B
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Explanation: A nightlight in the hallway helps prevent falls by providing adequate lighting for
nighttime trips. Socks without shoes (A) increase slip risk. Throw rugs (C) are a tripping hazard.
Furniture should not obstruct high-traffic areas (D).
Question 5
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet.
Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Canned soup
B. Fresh fruits
C. Processed meats
D. Pickled vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups (A), processed meats (C),
and pickled vegetables (D) are high in sodium and should be avoided.
Question 6
A PN is assisting with the care of a client who has a new tracheostomy. Which of the following
Kaplan Fundamentals Integrated Exam
Practice Questions 1–220 | Advanced/Hard
| Medical, Nursing, & Pharmacy Students
Question 1
A practical nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure accurate results?
A. Discard the first voided specimen
B. Keep the specimen at room temperature
C. Collect the urine in a sterile container
D. Begin the collection with the first voided specimen
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: For a 24-hour urine collection, the first voided specimen is discarded to mark the
start time. All subsequent urine is collected for 24 hours. The specimen should be refrigerated or
kept on ice (B). A clean container is sufficient; sterility is not required (C). The collection should
begin after discarding the first void, not with it (D).
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Question 2
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for crutches. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Place your weight on your axillae when using the crutches."
B. "Keep your elbows flexed at a 90-degree angle."
C. "Hold the handgrips with your wrists extended."
D. "Position the crutches 6 inches to the side of your feet."
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Crutches should be positioned approximately 6 inches to the side and 6 inches in
front of the feet. Weight should be on the hands, not the axillae (A), to prevent nerve damage.
Elbows should be flexed at 15-30 degrees (B), not 90 degrees. Wrists should be neutral, not
extended (C).
Question 3
A PN is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous enteral feeding through a nasogastric
tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water every 8 hours
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B. Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees
C. Check the residual volume every 12 hours
D. Change the feeding bag every 48 hours
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The head of the bed should be elevated to 30-45 degrees to prevent aspiration. The
tube should be flushed with 30-50 mL of water every 4 hours (A), not every 8 hours. Residuals
should be checked every 4-6 hours (C), not every 12 hours. Feeding bags should be changed
every 24 hours (D), not every 48 hours.
Question 4
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client about preventing falls in the home. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. "Wear socks without shoes."
B. "Use a nightlight in the hallway."
C. "Place throw rugs in the bathroom."
D. "Keep furniture in high-traffic areas."
Correct Answer: B
, 4
Explanation: A nightlight in the hallway helps prevent falls by providing adequate lighting for
nighttime trips. Socks without shoes (A) increase slip risk. Throw rugs (C) are a tripping hazard.
Furniture should not obstruct high-traffic areas (D).
Question 5
A PN is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet.
Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Canned soup
B. Fresh fruits
C. Processed meats
D. Pickled vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups (A), processed meats (C),
and pickled vegetables (D) are high in sodium and should be avoided.
Question 6
A PN is assisting with the care of a client who has a new tracheostomy. Which of the following
