ATTR 462 Exam 2 Review Questions with Correct Answers
Question 1:
What is the role of sympathetic nervous systems (SNS)? What psychological and environmental
factors can activate this system?
Answer:
It is the fight or flight system that responds to dangerous or stressful situations. Some factors
that affect it are perceived stress, poor sleep, fatigue, and physical inactivity
Question 2:
What is the theory as to how an overactive (SNS) can lead to chronic pain?
Answer:
When you have an overactive SNS your body can't properly relax so the body is constantly
stressed out and in a state of being on high alert, so when the pain signals come in to a brain
that is already stressed out and not being able to relax the pain signals are only going to be
amplified and keep getting sent out as pain
Question 3:
What is the role of the Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) relative to the SNS?
Answer:
The role of the parasympathetic nervous system is to rest and digest, it helps to decrease
respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. While the role of the sympathetic nervous
system is for fight or flight and it increases heart rate and dilate the bronchi
Question 4:
What effect will an under activated PNS have on chronic pain associated with and overactive
SNS
Answer:
It will increase the person's pain perception because the body will not spend enough time in
the rest and digest system and will instead constantly be in fight or flight
Question 5:
What anatomical structure did Demchak and Calloway treat AMPS? Why did the treatment
work to decrease AMPS?
Answer:
,Stellate ganglion, the treatment worked because the stellate ganglion is responsible for the
sympathetic nerve signals, but the laser will decrease the number of them that are being sent
to the brain since there is an increased number being sent in a person with AMPS
Question 6:
What anatomical structure did Demchak and Calloway treat Trigeminal Neuralgia? Why did
thetreatment work to decrease pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia?
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signalFibromyalgia is
non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge of pain
physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM treatment to
active tender points decrease pain?
Answer:
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the pointSphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain
signalFibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast
knowledge of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think
PBM treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signal
Fibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge
of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM
treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signal
Fibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge
of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM
treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Question 7:
What is one trade or generic name of an NSAID
Answer:
ibuprofen
, Question 8:
What is one trade or generic name of a steroid
Answer:
prednisone
Question 9:
What is one trade or generic name of an opiod
Answer:
oxycodone
Question 10:
What is one trade or generic name of a tricyclic anti-depressant
Answer:
cymbalta
Question 11:
What is one trade or generic name of an anti-spasmodic/epileptic
Answer:
lyrica
Question 12:
How does can electrical stimulation decrease pain? Include nerve fiber types
stimulated,neurotransmitters released and inhibited and the location where this all takes
placeA-beta fibers are stimulated, GABA is released, substance P and glutamate are inhibited,
and then this takes place at the site of the injury and in the spinal cord
Answer:
The part of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex is activated more which helps the
person to let the pain go because this part of the brain is in charge of emotional responses to
pain. There is also a deactivation of the thalamus that helps produce a meditation-induced
analgesia
Question 13:
How does can electrical stimulation decrease pain? Include nerve fiber types
stimulated,neurotransmitters released and inhibited and the location where this all takes place
Question 1:
What is the role of sympathetic nervous systems (SNS)? What psychological and environmental
factors can activate this system?
Answer:
It is the fight or flight system that responds to dangerous or stressful situations. Some factors
that affect it are perceived stress, poor sleep, fatigue, and physical inactivity
Question 2:
What is the theory as to how an overactive (SNS) can lead to chronic pain?
Answer:
When you have an overactive SNS your body can't properly relax so the body is constantly
stressed out and in a state of being on high alert, so when the pain signals come in to a brain
that is already stressed out and not being able to relax the pain signals are only going to be
amplified and keep getting sent out as pain
Question 3:
What is the role of the Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) relative to the SNS?
Answer:
The role of the parasympathetic nervous system is to rest and digest, it helps to decrease
respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. While the role of the sympathetic nervous
system is for fight or flight and it increases heart rate and dilate the bronchi
Question 4:
What effect will an under activated PNS have on chronic pain associated with and overactive
SNS
Answer:
It will increase the person's pain perception because the body will not spend enough time in
the rest and digest system and will instead constantly be in fight or flight
Question 5:
What anatomical structure did Demchak and Calloway treat AMPS? Why did the treatment
work to decrease AMPS?
Answer:
,Stellate ganglion, the treatment worked because the stellate ganglion is responsible for the
sympathetic nerve signals, but the laser will decrease the number of them that are being sent
to the brain since there is an increased number being sent in a person with AMPS
Question 6:
What anatomical structure did Demchak and Calloway treat Trigeminal Neuralgia? Why did
thetreatment work to decrease pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia?
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signalFibromyalgia is
non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge of pain
physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM treatment to
active tender points decrease pain?
Answer:
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the pointSphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain
signalFibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast
knowledge of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think
PBM treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signal
Fibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge
of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM
treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, it inhibits the nerve from sending out the pain signal
Fibromyalgia is non inflammatory pain in specific tender points. Based on your vast knowledge
of pain physiology and what was found in Tender point biopsies why do you think PBM
treatment to active tender points decrease pain?
at active tender points there is a decrease in microcirculation but the laser will stimulate the
release of nitric oxide which will help to restore a balance to the area by increasing the oxygen
available at the point
Question 7:
What is one trade or generic name of an NSAID
Answer:
ibuprofen
, Question 8:
What is one trade or generic name of a steroid
Answer:
prednisone
Question 9:
What is one trade or generic name of an opiod
Answer:
oxycodone
Question 10:
What is one trade or generic name of a tricyclic anti-depressant
Answer:
cymbalta
Question 11:
What is one trade or generic name of an anti-spasmodic/epileptic
Answer:
lyrica
Question 12:
How does can electrical stimulation decrease pain? Include nerve fiber types
stimulated,neurotransmitters released and inhibited and the location where this all takes
placeA-beta fibers are stimulated, GABA is released, substance P and glutamate are inhibited,
and then this takes place at the site of the injury and in the spinal cord
Answer:
The part of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex is activated more which helps the
person to let the pain go because this part of the brain is in charge of emotional responses to
pain. There is also a deactivation of the thalamus that helps produce a meditation-induced
analgesia
Question 13:
How does can electrical stimulation decrease pain? Include nerve fiber types
stimulated,neurotransmitters released and inhibited and the location where this all takes place
