Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Chapter 3 | Inflammation and Repair Study Guide
~ Inciting Agent What are the factors determining inflammation patterns?
~ Time of Observation
~ Immune Status
Celsus: Rubor, Calor, Dolor, Tumor What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Virchow: Function Laesa
~ Infections (Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic) Briefly recall the inciting agents of inflammation.
~ Tissue Necrosis (Ischemia, Trauma, Physical and
Chemical Injury)
~ Foreign Bodies (Splinters, Dirt, Sutures)
~ Immune Reactions / Hypersensitivity (Autoimmune
Disease, Allergy)
1. Recognition of Agent What are the 5Rs (Typical Inflammatory Reactions)?
2. Recruitment of Leukocytes
~ Vasodilation, Increased Vascular Permeability
3. Removal of Agent
4. Regulation of Response
5. Resolution/Repair by Fibroblasts, ECM, Cells
(Septic) Shock A cytokine storm (cytokinemia) may lead to ___.
Eosinophils, IgE Asthma is mediated by what cells and molecules?
Acute :: Chronic Contrast acute from chronic inflammation:
a. Short (Minutes to Hours) :: Days a. Duration
b. Neutrophils :: Macrophages b. Cellular Infiltrate
c. Mild :: Severe and Progressive c. Injury and Fibrosis
d. Prominent :: Not Apparent d. Local and Systemic Signs
~ Resolution What are the three possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
~ Fibrosis / Scarring
~ Chronic Inflammation
Edema It is the excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities.
Transudate, Exudate Edema caused by hypoalbuminemia or hypervolemia is likely to be a/an
(exudate, transudate), while edema caused by inflammation is likely to be a/an
(exudate, transudate).
Exudate :: Transudate Contrast exudate from transudate:
a. High :: Low a. Protein Concentration
b. Present :: Absent b. Presence of Cellular Material
c. High :: Low c. Specific Gravity
, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Chapter 3 | Inflammation and Repair Study Guide
Histamine (primary), NO What induces inflammatory vasodilation?
1. Vasodilation Elucidate the main vascular changes during acute inflammation.
2. Increased Vascular Permeability
3. Stasis of Blood Flow
4. Leukocyte Accumulation
~ Widended Interendothelial Cell Gaps In what ways can vascular permeability be increased during inflammation?
~ Direct Endothelial Injury
~ Leukocyte-mediated Endothelial Injury (in venules)
~ Increased Transcytosis
In the microcirculation: Arterioles and Capillary Beds Vasodilation occurs first where?
VEGF What induces increased transcytosis?
1. Lymphangitis: secondarily inflamed lymphatics Differentiate lymphangitis from lymphadenitis.
(vessels)
~ lymph + angio + itis = lymph + vessel + inflammation
2. Lymphadenitis: secondarily inflamed draining lymph
nodes (reactive or inflammatory lymphadenitis)
~ lymph + adeno + itis = lymph + glandular +
inflammation
To promote margination, rolling, and adhesion of Why is blood stasis or slowing of blood flow important in inflammation?
leukocytes
1. Slowing Enumerate the cellular events in acute inflammation in the correct order.
2. Transmigration/Diapedesis
3. Chemotaxis
4. Phagocytosis
Diapedesis or Transmigration It is the movement of neutrophils across the endothelium.
Chemotaxis It is the movement of neutrophils in the proximal interstitium to the site of
inflammation, along a chemical gradient.
1. Rolling via Selectins What are the migratory movements of the leukocyte and the molecules that
2. Stable Adhesion via Integrins mediate each?
3. Diapedesis via PECAM-1/CD31
~ N-Formyl Peptides from Bacteria What are the chemotactic agents for leukocytes?
~ IL-8
~ C5a
~ Leukotriene B4
~ Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
~ Inciting Agent What are the factors determining inflammation patterns?
~ Time of Observation
~ Immune Status
Celsus: Rubor, Calor, Dolor, Tumor What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Virchow: Function Laesa
~ Infections (Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic) Briefly recall the inciting agents of inflammation.
~ Tissue Necrosis (Ischemia, Trauma, Physical and
Chemical Injury)
~ Foreign Bodies (Splinters, Dirt, Sutures)
~ Immune Reactions / Hypersensitivity (Autoimmune
Disease, Allergy)
1. Recognition of Agent What are the 5Rs (Typical Inflammatory Reactions)?
2. Recruitment of Leukocytes
~ Vasodilation, Increased Vascular Permeability
3. Removal of Agent
4. Regulation of Response
5. Resolution/Repair by Fibroblasts, ECM, Cells
(Septic) Shock A cytokine storm (cytokinemia) may lead to ___.
Eosinophils, IgE Asthma is mediated by what cells and molecules?
Acute :: Chronic Contrast acute from chronic inflammation:
a. Short (Minutes to Hours) :: Days a. Duration
b. Neutrophils :: Macrophages b. Cellular Infiltrate
c. Mild :: Severe and Progressive c. Injury and Fibrosis
d. Prominent :: Not Apparent d. Local and Systemic Signs
~ Resolution What are the three possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
~ Fibrosis / Scarring
~ Chronic Inflammation
Edema It is the excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities.
Transudate, Exudate Edema caused by hypoalbuminemia or hypervolemia is likely to be a/an
(exudate, transudate), while edema caused by inflammation is likely to be a/an
(exudate, transudate).
Exudate :: Transudate Contrast exudate from transudate:
a. High :: Low a. Protein Concentration
b. Present :: Absent b. Presence of Cellular Material
c. High :: Low c. Specific Gravity
, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Chapter 3 | Inflammation and Repair Study Guide
Histamine (primary), NO What induces inflammatory vasodilation?
1. Vasodilation Elucidate the main vascular changes during acute inflammation.
2. Increased Vascular Permeability
3. Stasis of Blood Flow
4. Leukocyte Accumulation
~ Widended Interendothelial Cell Gaps In what ways can vascular permeability be increased during inflammation?
~ Direct Endothelial Injury
~ Leukocyte-mediated Endothelial Injury (in venules)
~ Increased Transcytosis
In the microcirculation: Arterioles and Capillary Beds Vasodilation occurs first where?
VEGF What induces increased transcytosis?
1. Lymphangitis: secondarily inflamed lymphatics Differentiate lymphangitis from lymphadenitis.
(vessels)
~ lymph + angio + itis = lymph + vessel + inflammation
2. Lymphadenitis: secondarily inflamed draining lymph
nodes (reactive or inflammatory lymphadenitis)
~ lymph + adeno + itis = lymph + glandular +
inflammation
To promote margination, rolling, and adhesion of Why is blood stasis or slowing of blood flow important in inflammation?
leukocytes
1. Slowing Enumerate the cellular events in acute inflammation in the correct order.
2. Transmigration/Diapedesis
3. Chemotaxis
4. Phagocytosis
Diapedesis or Transmigration It is the movement of neutrophils across the endothelium.
Chemotaxis It is the movement of neutrophils in the proximal interstitium to the site of
inflammation, along a chemical gradient.
1. Rolling via Selectins What are the migratory movements of the leukocyte and the molecules that
2. Stable Adhesion via Integrins mediate each?
3. Diapedesis via PECAM-1/CD31
~ N-Formyl Peptides from Bacteria What are the chemotactic agents for leukocytes?
~ IL-8
~ C5a
~ Leukotriene B4
~ Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
