NURS 3366 Exam 1 | Pathophysiologic Processes Questions and Answers
What is the normal PH of body? 7.35-7.45
What are two main sequela of hypoxia? 1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell
cannot electrical functions disrupting electrical impulse.
Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or Negative
negative?
What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular 1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
function?
What happens if we consume excess amount of If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin
glucose? is released from pancrease which distributes glucose to different cells on
different part of the body. If the body Still has excess glucose then Insulin
helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
What happens if our body lacks glucose? Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory
hormones are released such as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas
These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we
still do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the
process called glucogenolysis.
What happen if body lacks glycogen storage? If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by
breaking down fats and proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis? The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the keto- acids. If
our body produce large number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing
acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain cells.
What process occurs during hypoglycemia? Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory
hormones.
What are glucose abnormalities disease? McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle
glycogen (glycogenolysis) is diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness&
cramps during exercise due to no energy reserves.
, NURS 3366 Exam 1 | Pathophysiologic Processes Questions and Answers
What is type I diabetes mellitus? Discuss the pathology Diabetes mellitus is a condition when our body stops producing insulin. As
behind it. there is no insulin glucose cannot reach to cells and remains in blood. Due to
this a person with type I diabetes has high blood sugar level. Now as cell lack
glucose they start performing gluconeogenesis for energy.
Why does the patient with type I diabetes mellitus lose Because they lose lot of protein and fat during gluconeogenesis.
weight?
What is hypeketonemia? What are the s&s. When the gluconeogenesis is sustained a lot of ketone accumulate in our body
and this condition is called hyperketonemia. S&s, includes:
Blood test with high ketone in serum.
Low blood PH ie acidic
Ketouria (urine with ketone)
Acetone breath.
What kind of population commonly get vitamin Alcoholic people commonly have vitamin deficiency due to poor diet they
deficiency? What are s&s of iron deficiency? consume low amount of vitamin B and iron. Iron deficiency cause anemia,
which results in low RBC count. S&s of iron deficiency include weakness, sob,
fatigue etc.
What is beriberi? What are sequela af beriberi? Thiamine (B1) deficiency is called beriberi. Deficiency of B1 cause neurological
problems.
what are the neurologic problems caused by thiamine 1 ) wernicke - korsakoff syndrome = memory loss, ataxia
deficiency? 2) paresthesia = numbness, tingling sensation in leg ( seen in B 12 deficiency as
well)
.why is nitroprusside drug considered in bioterrorism Because it contain cyanide
drug?
What does cyanide do to our body? Mention s&s Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxyidase enzyme. Sis include headache, agitation,
confusion, vomitings, sob and death.
What is the domino effect? Diffusion of solute particles To maintain homeostasis.
hypopolarization Short distance between the polar status due to more positive number than
normal.
Hyperpolarization The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in
a more negative direction.
What are the states that cell becomes hypopolarized? Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia
What is the normal PH of body? 7.35-7.45
What are two main sequela of hypoxia? 1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell
cannot electrical functions disrupting electrical impulse.
Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or Negative
negative?
What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular 1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
function?
What happens if we consume excess amount of If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin
glucose? is released from pancrease which distributes glucose to different cells on
different part of the body. If the body Still has excess glucose then Insulin
helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
What happens if our body lacks glucose? Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory
hormones are released such as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas
These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we
still do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the
process called glucogenolysis.
What happen if body lacks glycogen storage? If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by
breaking down fats and proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis? The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the keto- acids. If
our body produce large number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing
acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain cells.
What process occurs during hypoglycemia? Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory
hormones.
What are glucose abnormalities disease? McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle
glycogen (glycogenolysis) is diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness&
cramps during exercise due to no energy reserves.
, NURS 3366 Exam 1 | Pathophysiologic Processes Questions and Answers
What is type I diabetes mellitus? Discuss the pathology Diabetes mellitus is a condition when our body stops producing insulin. As
behind it. there is no insulin glucose cannot reach to cells and remains in blood. Due to
this a person with type I diabetes has high blood sugar level. Now as cell lack
glucose they start performing gluconeogenesis for energy.
Why does the patient with type I diabetes mellitus lose Because they lose lot of protein and fat during gluconeogenesis.
weight?
What is hypeketonemia? What are the s&s. When the gluconeogenesis is sustained a lot of ketone accumulate in our body
and this condition is called hyperketonemia. S&s, includes:
Blood test with high ketone in serum.
Low blood PH ie acidic
Ketouria (urine with ketone)
Acetone breath.
What kind of population commonly get vitamin Alcoholic people commonly have vitamin deficiency due to poor diet they
deficiency? What are s&s of iron deficiency? consume low amount of vitamin B and iron. Iron deficiency cause anemia,
which results in low RBC count. S&s of iron deficiency include weakness, sob,
fatigue etc.
What is beriberi? What are sequela af beriberi? Thiamine (B1) deficiency is called beriberi. Deficiency of B1 cause neurological
problems.
what are the neurologic problems caused by thiamine 1 ) wernicke - korsakoff syndrome = memory loss, ataxia
deficiency? 2) paresthesia = numbness, tingling sensation in leg ( seen in B 12 deficiency as
well)
.why is nitroprusside drug considered in bioterrorism Because it contain cyanide
drug?
What does cyanide do to our body? Mention s&s Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxyidase enzyme. Sis include headache, agitation,
confusion, vomitings, sob and death.
What is the domino effect? Diffusion of solute particles To maintain homeostasis.
hypopolarization Short distance between the polar status due to more positive number than
normal.
Hyperpolarization The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in
a more negative direction.
What are the states that cell becomes hypopolarized? Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia
