Test Bank For Drugs and the
Neuroscience of Behavior 3rd
Edition By Adam Prus
9781544362571 Chapter 1-20 2
Behavioral neuroscience - answer- Mnemonic: BEHAVE: Biology Explains How Actions
Vary Every day
Definition: The study of how biological processes influence behaviors.
Category: Field of Study
Biological psychology - answer- Mnemonic: BIO: Body Influences Our thoughts
Definition: A branch of psychology focused on the relationship between the body
(especially the brain) and behavior.
Category: Field of Study
Consciousness - answer- Mnemonic: CONSCIOUS: Cognitive ON Switch, Constantly In
Our Unseen Self
Definition: Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Category: Cognitive Processes
Evolutionary explanation - answer- Mnemonic: EVOLVE: Explains Variants Of Life Via
Evolution
Definition: An explanation of behavior based on its evolutionary advantages and origins.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Functional explanation - answer- Mnemonic: FUNCTION: Focuses Upon Natural
Causes That Improve Ongoing Needs
Definition: Describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did, identifying its
function.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Ontogenetic explanation - answer- Mnemonic: ONTO: Over Nature's Time, Ontogeny
grows
Definition: Describes how a structure or behavior develops over the lifetime of an
individual.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Physiological explanation - answer- Mnemonic: PHYSIO: Physical Hardware Yields
Specific Internal Output
,Definition: Relates behavior to the brain and other organs.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Neuroethics - answer- Mnemonic: NEURO + ETHICS: Navigating Ethical Use of
Research On brains
Definition: The study of ethical issues related to neuroscience research and
applications.
Category: Field of Study
Three Rs - answer- Mnemonic: Three Rs - Reduce, Replace, Refine - the 3 Rs to
Respect animal Research
Definition: Ethical principles for animal research: reduce the number of animals used,
replace animals when possible, and refine methods to minimize suffering.
Category: Research Ethics
Astrocytes - answer- Mnemonic: ASTRO: A Star That Regulates Oxygen
Definition: A type of glial cell that supports neurons and helps regulate the brain's
environment.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Axon - answer- Mnemonic: AXON: Away from cell body
Definition: The part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body to other
neurons or muscles.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Dendrites - answer- Mnemonic: DENDRITES: Data ENtry for NeuRons, Incoming
Transmissions Every Second
Definition: Branchlike extensions of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Glia - answer- Mnemonic: GLIA: Glue-Like Important Assistants
Definition: Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support, protect, and nourish
neurons.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Mitochondria - answer- Mnemonic: MITO: Might Inside The Organelle, powering cells
Definition: Organelles in cells that produce energy (ATP) required for cell functions.
Category: Cellular Biology
Myelin sheath - answer- Mnemonic: MYELIN: Makes Your Electrical Lightning INstant
Definition: A fatty layer that insulates axons and speeds up electrical impulses.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Neurons - answer- Mnemonic: NEURONS: Nerve Energy Units Relaying Output
Nervously Speedy
, Definition: Nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the
nervous system.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Soma - answer- Mnemonic: SOMA: Site Of Main Anatomy
Definition: The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and organelles.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Synapse - answer- Mnemonic: SYNAPSE: Signal Yields Neural Activity Plus Synaptic
Exchange
Definition: The junction between two neurons where communication occurs via
neurotransmitters.
Category: Neurotransmission
Action potential - answer- Mnemonic: ACTION: Axon Current Travels In One Neuron
Definition: A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon to transmit information.
Category: Neurophysiology
All-or-none law - answer- Mnemonic: ALL OR NONE: Action Potential Always Large, Or
Not Emitted
Definition: The principle that a neuron fires with full strength or not at all.
Category: Neurophysiology
Depolarization - answer- Mnemonic: DEPOLAR: Decrease Electrical Potential Of
Lengthwise Axon Region
Definition: A reduction in membrane potential, making the neuron more likely to fire.
Category: Neurophysiology
Hyperpolarization - answer- Mnemonic: HYPER: Heightens Your Potential, Exceeding
Rest
Definition: An increase in membrane potential, making the neuron less likely to fire.
Category: Neurophysiology
Nodes of Ranvier - answer- Mnemonic: NODES: No Outer Defense - Electrical Surge
Definition: Gaps in the myelin sheath where ion exchange occurs, enabling saltatory
conduction.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Refractory period - answer- Mnemonic: REFRACTORY: Rest Ensures Firing Rests
After Charge Travels Over Rapid Yell
Definition: The period after an action potential during which a neuron is unable to fire
again.
Category: Neurophysiology
Resting potential - answer- Mnemonic: RESTING: Ready Electrical State To Initiate
Neural Go
Neuroscience of Behavior 3rd
Edition By Adam Prus
9781544362571 Chapter 1-20 2
Behavioral neuroscience - answer- Mnemonic: BEHAVE: Biology Explains How Actions
Vary Every day
Definition: The study of how biological processes influence behaviors.
Category: Field of Study
Biological psychology - answer- Mnemonic: BIO: Body Influences Our thoughts
Definition: A branch of psychology focused on the relationship between the body
(especially the brain) and behavior.
Category: Field of Study
Consciousness - answer- Mnemonic: CONSCIOUS: Cognitive ON Switch, Constantly In
Our Unseen Self
Definition: Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Category: Cognitive Processes
Evolutionary explanation - answer- Mnemonic: EVOLVE: Explains Variants Of Life Via
Evolution
Definition: An explanation of behavior based on its evolutionary advantages and origins.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Functional explanation - answer- Mnemonic: FUNCTION: Focuses Upon Natural
Causes That Improve Ongoing Needs
Definition: Describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did, identifying its
function.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Ontogenetic explanation - answer- Mnemonic: ONTO: Over Nature's Time, Ontogeny
grows
Definition: Describes how a structure or behavior develops over the lifetime of an
individual.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Physiological explanation - answer- Mnemonic: PHYSIO: Physical Hardware Yields
Specific Internal Output
,Definition: Relates behavior to the brain and other organs.
Category: Scientific Explanation
Neuroethics - answer- Mnemonic: NEURO + ETHICS: Navigating Ethical Use of
Research On brains
Definition: The study of ethical issues related to neuroscience research and
applications.
Category: Field of Study
Three Rs - answer- Mnemonic: Three Rs - Reduce, Replace, Refine - the 3 Rs to
Respect animal Research
Definition: Ethical principles for animal research: reduce the number of animals used,
replace animals when possible, and refine methods to minimize suffering.
Category: Research Ethics
Astrocytes - answer- Mnemonic: ASTRO: A Star That Regulates Oxygen
Definition: A type of glial cell that supports neurons and helps regulate the brain's
environment.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Axon - answer- Mnemonic: AXON: Away from cell body
Definition: The part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body to other
neurons or muscles.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Dendrites - answer- Mnemonic: DENDRITES: Data ENtry for NeuRons, Incoming
Transmissions Every Second
Definition: Branchlike extensions of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Glia - answer- Mnemonic: GLIA: Glue-Like Important Assistants
Definition: Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support, protect, and nourish
neurons.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Mitochondria - answer- Mnemonic: MITO: Might Inside The Organelle, powering cells
Definition: Organelles in cells that produce energy (ATP) required for cell functions.
Category: Cellular Biology
Myelin sheath - answer- Mnemonic: MYELIN: Makes Your Electrical Lightning INstant
Definition: A fatty layer that insulates axons and speeds up electrical impulses.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Neurons - answer- Mnemonic: NEURONS: Nerve Energy Units Relaying Output
Nervously Speedy
, Definition: Nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the
nervous system.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Soma - answer- Mnemonic: SOMA: Site Of Main Anatomy
Definition: The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and organelles.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Synapse - answer- Mnemonic: SYNAPSE: Signal Yields Neural Activity Plus Synaptic
Exchange
Definition: The junction between two neurons where communication occurs via
neurotransmitters.
Category: Neurotransmission
Action potential - answer- Mnemonic: ACTION: Axon Current Travels In One Neuron
Definition: A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon to transmit information.
Category: Neurophysiology
All-or-none law - answer- Mnemonic: ALL OR NONE: Action Potential Always Large, Or
Not Emitted
Definition: The principle that a neuron fires with full strength or not at all.
Category: Neurophysiology
Depolarization - answer- Mnemonic: DEPOLAR: Decrease Electrical Potential Of
Lengthwise Axon Region
Definition: A reduction in membrane potential, making the neuron more likely to fire.
Category: Neurophysiology
Hyperpolarization - answer- Mnemonic: HYPER: Heightens Your Potential, Exceeding
Rest
Definition: An increase in membrane potential, making the neuron less likely to fire.
Category: Neurophysiology
Nodes of Ranvier - answer- Mnemonic: NODES: No Outer Defense - Electrical Surge
Definition: Gaps in the myelin sheath where ion exchange occurs, enabling saltatory
conduction.
Category: Neuroanatomy
Refractory period - answer- Mnemonic: REFRACTORY: Rest Ensures Firing Rests
After Charge Travels Over Rapid Yell
Definition: The period after an action potential during which a neuron is unable to fire
again.
Category: Neurophysiology
Resting potential - answer- Mnemonic: RESTING: Ready Electrical State To Initiate
Neural Go
