NUR 265 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 19
What is nephrotic syndrome? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ A condition of increased glomerular
permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and
then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - Correct answer
✔✔✔ 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -immunosuppressant agents
(if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR
reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
,Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced
by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Tissue damage to the actual
kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Obstruction that occurs after the
kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
, How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Systolic +
(Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Watch
for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
What is azotemia? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Nitrogenous waste build up
What are manifestations of uremia? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
What is nephrotic syndrome? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ A condition of increased glomerular
permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and
then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - Correct answer
✔✔✔ 3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -immunosuppressant agents
(if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR
reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
,Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - Correct answer ✔✔✔ creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced
by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Tissue damage to the actual
kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Obstruction that occurs after the
kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
, How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Systolic +
(Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Watch
for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
What is azotemia? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ Nitrogenous waste build up
What are manifestations of uremia? - Correct answer ✔✔✔ •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
