Principles and Applications, 7th Edition by;
Elaine M. Keohane| All Chapters 1-43| Latest
Edition 2026
What is the total volume of blood in an average adult - answer- 6 Liter or 7% to 8% body
weight
Circulating Blood is divided as following - answer- 45%cells:
Red Blood Cells
White Blood cells
55%Plasma
1% leukocyte t platelets
Leukocytes - answer- White blood cell
Blood cell production called - answer- hematopoiesis
Blood cell production begins in - answer- Embryonic development( process by which
embryo forms and develops)
processes to fetal liver and later occurs in red bone marrow
CD34+ pluripotent stem cells give rise to the earliest - answer- myeloid and lymphoid
precursors
Stem Cells can repopulated bone marrow - answer- after injury or lethal radiation the
basis of bone marrow transplantation
Myeloid progenitors differentiate into - answer- colony-forminmg cells of the erythriod
and myeloid lineages to give rise to; erthrocytces,platelets,neutrophils,monocytes and
macrophages,eosinophils,basophils and mast cells(tissues)
Lymphoid progenitors give rise - answer- to natural killer cells, T and B
LYMPHOCYTES
Erythrocytes - answer- red blood cells
Erythrocytes main function - answer- to carry oxygen to the cells of the body
, Oxygen is transported in a chemical combination - answer- with hemoglobin
The concentrations of Hemoglobin in the blood is a measure - answer- of its capacity to
carry oxygen
To combine with and transport oxygen, the hemoglobin molecule - answer- must have a
certain combination of heme and globin
Heme - answer- iron
-globin - answer- protein
red blood cells begins as a - answer- nucleated cell within the bone marrow
cell mature in the bone marrow,it diameter - answer- decreases
mature cell nucleus becomes - answer- denser and smaller
Mature cells released to become - answer- biconcave disk
Metarubricyte - answer- percent in bone marrow;5% to 10%
hours in bone marrow ; 48hours
overall sixe 8 to 10 micrometers
nucleus to cytoplasm ratio;1 to 2
Nucleus is almost or completely pyknotic;incaplable of DNA Synthesis
cytoplasm;pink-orange,slightly bluish hue
pyknotic - answer- dead or dying
(Erythrocytes) Reticulocyte - answer- percent bone marrow 1%
hours in bone marrow 48 to 72
overall size 8 to 10 micrometers
nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
no nucleus
cytopladm bluish hue
reticulocytes differ morophologically from mature RBCs because they contain a fine
basophilic recticulum or network of RNA,a cytoplasmic remnant that decrease as the
cell mature
RBCs have a total life span of - answer- 120 days about 4 months
bone marrow releases new cells into - answer- circulatory system every day
Concentration of RBCs and the measurement of the packed volume of RBCs
( microhematocrit) are important - answer- laboratory measurements of the detection of
anemia or overproduction of RBCs