Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
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1. Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Negative Feedback
Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
2. Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DIS- Positive Feedback
EASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
3. ________ provide selectivity to a membrane Proteins
4. __________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, re- Integral proteins
ceptors, second messengers
5. _____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators Peripheral proteins
6. ____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical ATP
bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have
abundant energy
7. ______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from Simple/passive diffusion
HIGH to LOW concentration. will not occur if the mem-
brane is non permeable to the molecule
8. Ï omplete cessation of respirations and circulation
C Somatic Death
ÏAlgor mortis: Reduced temperature
ÏLivor mortis: Purple skin discoloration
ÏRigor mortis: Muscle stiffening
ÏPostmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associat-
ed with the release of enzymes and lytic dissolution
9. 1. Concentration difference (high to low) Factors that affect the net
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each rate of diffusion (3)
side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in in-
creased energy)
, Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpb0na
10. _____ is the passive transport of fluid across a mem- Osmosis
brane; from an area of low solute concentration to
high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)
11. Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("up- Primary Active Transport
hill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
12. Action in which transport is driven by the energy Secondary Active Trans-
STORED in the concentration gradient of another mol- port
ecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY
13. __________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma Na+- K+ ATPase (also
membrane of all cells; enzyme that converts ATP to known as the sodi-
ADP to release energy um-potassium pump)
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
14. __________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentra- Ca2+ ATPase
tion
15. __________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands H+ ATPase
(HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules
(controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
16. (3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is Sodium Potassium Pump
pumped in. This action is called _______.
17. Substance is transported in the same direction as the Secondary Active Trans-
"driver" ion (Na+). This action is called _______. port; Co-transport
18. Substance is transported in the opposite direction as Counter transport
the driver ion Na+. This action is called _______.
, Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpb0na
19. How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractil- Increase intracellular Ca2+
ity?
20. ________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of ungated Ion Channels
charge
21. ________ are determined by: Voltage dependent Na+ Gated Ion Channels
channels) & Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor
channels)
22. Conductance depends on probability that channel is Ion Channels
open. These are called __________.
23. __________ is the diffusion potential that exactly bal- Equilibrium Potential
ances or opposes the tendency for diffusion down the
concentration difference.
24. If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then K+ (blank)
would diffuse down its concentration gradient until
the electrical potential across the membrane coun-
tered diffusion. (moving from inside the cell down its
concentration gradient to the outside of the cell).
25. If the membrane were only permeate to K+; the Vm Potassium Nernst Poten-
would be -94mv. This concept is called _________. tial also called equilibrium
potential
26. If the membrane were only permeable to Na+ then the Sodium Nernst Potential
Vm would be +61mv. This concept is called _________.
27. The resting membrane potential is closest to the equi- The Goldman Hodgkin
librium potential for the ion with the highest perme- Katz Equation
ability! This concept is called _________.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpb0na
1. Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Negative Feedback
Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
2. Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DIS- Positive Feedback
EASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
3. ________ provide selectivity to a membrane Proteins
4. __________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, re- Integral proteins
ceptors, second messengers
5. _____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators Peripheral proteins
6. ____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical ATP
bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have
abundant energy
7. ______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from Simple/passive diffusion
HIGH to LOW concentration. will not occur if the mem-
brane is non permeable to the molecule
8. Ï omplete cessation of respirations and circulation
C Somatic Death
ÏAlgor mortis: Reduced temperature
ÏLivor mortis: Purple skin discoloration
ÏRigor mortis: Muscle stiffening
ÏPostmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associat-
ed with the release of enzymes and lytic dissolution
9. 1. Concentration difference (high to low) Factors that affect the net
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each rate of diffusion (3)
side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in in-
creased energy)
, Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpb0na
10. _____ is the passive transport of fluid across a mem- Osmosis
brane; from an area of low solute concentration to
high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)
11. Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("up- Primary Active Transport
hill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
12. Action in which transport is driven by the energy Secondary Active Trans-
STORED in the concentration gradient of another mol- port
ecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY
13. __________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma Na+- K+ ATPase (also
membrane of all cells; enzyme that converts ATP to known as the sodi-
ADP to release energy um-potassium pump)
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
14. __________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentra- Ca2+ ATPase
tion
15. __________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands H+ ATPase
(HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules
(controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
16. (3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is Sodium Potassium Pump
pumped in. This action is called _______.
17. Substance is transported in the same direction as the Secondary Active Trans-
"driver" ion (Na+). This action is called _______. port; Co-transport
18. Substance is transported in the opposite direction as Counter transport
the driver ion Na+. This action is called _______.
, Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpb0na
19. How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractil- Increase intracellular Ca2+
ity?
20. ________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of ungated Ion Channels
charge
21. ________ are determined by: Voltage dependent Na+ Gated Ion Channels
channels) & Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor
channels)
22. Conductance depends on probability that channel is Ion Channels
open. These are called __________.
23. __________ is the diffusion potential that exactly bal- Equilibrium Potential
ances or opposes the tendency for diffusion down the
concentration difference.
24. If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then K+ (blank)
would diffuse down its concentration gradient until
the electrical potential across the membrane coun-
tered diffusion. (moving from inside the cell down its
concentration gradient to the outside of the cell).
25. If the membrane were only permeate to K+; the Vm Potassium Nernst Poten-
would be -94mv. This concept is called _________. tial also called equilibrium
potential
26. If the membrane were only permeable to Na+ then the Sodium Nernst Potential
Vm would be +61mv. This concept is called _________.
27. The resting membrane potential is closest to the equi- The Goldman Hodgkin
librium potential for the ion with the highest perme- Katz Equation
ability! This concept is called _________.
