AICP ETHICS EXAMS |GRADED A+ | 2026/2027 UPDATE
Ernest Burgess - ANSWER Developed Concentric Circle Theory with Robert E. Park in 1925. Wrote the
'The City' together.
Patrick Geddes - ANSWER Author of Cities in Evolution, Scottish botanist and biologist, considered
father of regional planning. Innovating planning theorist, introduced concept of 'region.' Believed
social processes and spatial form are related. Designed and Jerusalem expansion and Tel Aviv around
Garden City movement.
Alfred Bettman - ANSWER Cincinnati lawyer. Drafted a bill 1915 that enabled the creation of local
planning commissions in Ohio. Wrote and influential brief on Euclid v. Amber Realty. 1st president of
American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) in 1934. Helped write Cincinnati Comp Plan. Was on
Hoover's Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning.
George Pullman - ANSWER Railroad tycoon & inventor of Pullman railroad car, Developer of Pullman,
IL a town that tried to combine industries need for efficiency with workers need for decent housing.
Tried to make Pullman a model industry town. Violently suppressed striking workers and tried to
control social life with poor results.
Catherine Bauer Wurster - ANSWER Wrote 'Modern Housing' in 1934. Labelled herself a 'houser.'
Advocated for raising the quality of urban life by improving shelter for low-income people. Played a
role in US Housing Act of 1937. Profoundly influenced by Lewis Mumford. Served as director of
Research and Information of US Housing Authority.
Clarence Stein - ANSWER Co-designer of Radburn, NJ, and Sunnyside Gardens a US garden city.
Member of Regional Plan Association of American. Radburn used Neighborhood Unit Concept, was a
friend of Perry. Wrote 'Toward New Towns for America' in 1951.
Paul Davidoff - ANSWER Wrote ' A Choice Theory of Planning' with Thomas ReinerFounded Suburban
Action Institute, which challenged exclusionary zoning in courts, winning a notable success in Mt.
Laurel case led to requirements that communities provide their fair share of low-income housing in
N.J. Developed concept of advocacy planner.
Ebenezer Howard - ANSWER A British reformer. Published 'Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real
Reform' in 1989, which started the garden city movement. Garden cities were self-contained with
industry and residential surrounded by greenbelts. Spawned garden city movement in other
countries.
, Ian McHarg - ANSWER Wrote 'Design with Nature' in 1969, pioneered concept of ecological planning.
Father of modern Ecology/Environment movement. His firm created a plan in 1962 for 4 Maryland
river valleys that first proposed TDR. Advocated layered mapping tech. - foundation of GIS. Designed
The Woodland, TX. Favored cluster development.
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. - ANSWER Designed Central Park in NYC. One of the first to espouse value
of 'City Beautiful' movement. Father of American landscape architecture. Designer of arguably one of
the first planned communities in the US.Riverside, IL (1869). Felt the planning should be judged by
level of reduced disease. Site planned for 1892 Columbian Expo.
Jacob August Riis - ANSWER Author of 'How the Other Half Live' and 'Children of the Poor.' Worked
with Veiller on NY Tenement Law. Used photographs and writing to document conditions in slums
and urban poor. His housing reform and changes in NY that became national model. A leading
housing reformer in history of planning. Helped with implementation of tenement in NY.
Daniel Hudson Burnham - ANSWER Father of city planning in US. Wrote the influential 1909 ' Plan for
Chicago' which gave birth to modern city planning. His firm planned the 1893 World's Columbian
Expo at which he presented the White City which inspired the city beautiful movement.
Jane Jacobs - ANSWER Wrote 'The Death and Life of the Great American Cities' which criticized the
practice of bulldozing for urban renewal and instead called for more density, diversity, etc. Opposed
Robert Moses and worked to promote neighborhoods and kill 'expressway' projects. Look at how
cities do work, not how they aught to work. Some 'slums' are lively and energetic.
Lewis Mumford - ANSWER Wrote 'Culture of Cities' American historian of technology and science.
Critic of Interstates. Inspired city and regional planning efforts in US. Critic of 1929 Regional Plan of
NY. Influenced in founding Regional Planning Association of America. Viewed architectural congestion
as a dehumanizing influence.
Robert Moses - ANSWER Master Builder of NY from 30s to 60s Plans favored highways over public
transit and inspired a generation of engineers, planners, architects nationwide. Oversaw construction
of over 400 miles of parkways and bridges and beaches. Uprooted many traditional neighborhoods
for expressways. Precipitated decline of public transport through neglect. Created 21st century City
w/ infrastructure most people wanted. Viewed as the great expeditor.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant - ANSWER Designed plan for Washington DC. Used pattern, axial and circles.
Served the US during revolutionary war as an engineer, Then appointed by Washington in 1791 to
design capital.
Ernest Burgess - ANSWER Developed Concentric Circle Theory with Robert E. Park in 1925. Wrote the
'The City' together.
Patrick Geddes - ANSWER Author of Cities in Evolution, Scottish botanist and biologist, considered
father of regional planning. Innovating planning theorist, introduced concept of 'region.' Believed
social processes and spatial form are related. Designed and Jerusalem expansion and Tel Aviv around
Garden City movement.
Alfred Bettman - ANSWER Cincinnati lawyer. Drafted a bill 1915 that enabled the creation of local
planning commissions in Ohio. Wrote and influential brief on Euclid v. Amber Realty. 1st president of
American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) in 1934. Helped write Cincinnati Comp Plan. Was on
Hoover's Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning.
George Pullman - ANSWER Railroad tycoon & inventor of Pullman railroad car, Developer of Pullman,
IL a town that tried to combine industries need for efficiency with workers need for decent housing.
Tried to make Pullman a model industry town. Violently suppressed striking workers and tried to
control social life with poor results.
Catherine Bauer Wurster - ANSWER Wrote 'Modern Housing' in 1934. Labelled herself a 'houser.'
Advocated for raising the quality of urban life by improving shelter for low-income people. Played a
role in US Housing Act of 1937. Profoundly influenced by Lewis Mumford. Served as director of
Research and Information of US Housing Authority.
Clarence Stein - ANSWER Co-designer of Radburn, NJ, and Sunnyside Gardens a US garden city.
Member of Regional Plan Association of American. Radburn used Neighborhood Unit Concept, was a
friend of Perry. Wrote 'Toward New Towns for America' in 1951.
Paul Davidoff - ANSWER Wrote ' A Choice Theory of Planning' with Thomas ReinerFounded Suburban
Action Institute, which challenged exclusionary zoning in courts, winning a notable success in Mt.
Laurel case led to requirements that communities provide their fair share of low-income housing in
N.J. Developed concept of advocacy planner.
Ebenezer Howard - ANSWER A British reformer. Published 'Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real
Reform' in 1989, which started the garden city movement. Garden cities were self-contained with
industry and residential surrounded by greenbelts. Spawned garden city movement in other
countries.
, Ian McHarg - ANSWER Wrote 'Design with Nature' in 1969, pioneered concept of ecological planning.
Father of modern Ecology/Environment movement. His firm created a plan in 1962 for 4 Maryland
river valleys that first proposed TDR. Advocated layered mapping tech. - foundation of GIS. Designed
The Woodland, TX. Favored cluster development.
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. - ANSWER Designed Central Park in NYC. One of the first to espouse value
of 'City Beautiful' movement. Father of American landscape architecture. Designer of arguably one of
the first planned communities in the US.Riverside, IL (1869). Felt the planning should be judged by
level of reduced disease. Site planned for 1892 Columbian Expo.
Jacob August Riis - ANSWER Author of 'How the Other Half Live' and 'Children of the Poor.' Worked
with Veiller on NY Tenement Law. Used photographs and writing to document conditions in slums
and urban poor. His housing reform and changes in NY that became national model. A leading
housing reformer in history of planning. Helped with implementation of tenement in NY.
Daniel Hudson Burnham - ANSWER Father of city planning in US. Wrote the influential 1909 ' Plan for
Chicago' which gave birth to modern city planning. His firm planned the 1893 World's Columbian
Expo at which he presented the White City which inspired the city beautiful movement.
Jane Jacobs - ANSWER Wrote 'The Death and Life of the Great American Cities' which criticized the
practice of bulldozing for urban renewal and instead called for more density, diversity, etc. Opposed
Robert Moses and worked to promote neighborhoods and kill 'expressway' projects. Look at how
cities do work, not how they aught to work. Some 'slums' are lively and energetic.
Lewis Mumford - ANSWER Wrote 'Culture of Cities' American historian of technology and science.
Critic of Interstates. Inspired city and regional planning efforts in US. Critic of 1929 Regional Plan of
NY. Influenced in founding Regional Planning Association of America. Viewed architectural congestion
as a dehumanizing influence.
Robert Moses - ANSWER Master Builder of NY from 30s to 60s Plans favored highways over public
transit and inspired a generation of engineers, planners, architects nationwide. Oversaw construction
of over 400 miles of parkways and bridges and beaches. Uprooted many traditional neighborhoods
for expressways. Precipitated decline of public transport through neglect. Created 21st century City
w/ infrastructure most people wanted. Viewed as the great expeditor.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant - ANSWER Designed plan for Washington DC. Used pattern, axial and circles.
Served the US during revolutionary war as an engineer, Then appointed by Washington in 1791 to
design capital.
