ALU 301 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What tests are used to diagnose and confirm bone tumors in children? - ✔✔X-ray,
bone marrow, blood chemistry, MRI
✔✔Children who have undergone radiation therapy have a higher risk of: -
✔✔neuropsycholigical problems, lack of visual motor integration, short-term memory
deficits, sequencing ability, higher accident rate, hypochondriacal behavior, increased dr
visits, phobias
✔✔Radiation is the primary treatment for early state:
1. Hodgkin lymphoma
2. non-Hodgkin lymphoma
3. chronic myelogenious leukemia
4. chronic lymphocytic leukemia - ✔✔1. hodgkin lymphoma
✔✔All of the following statements regarding acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are
correct EXCEPT:
1. it is the most common form of childhood leukemia
2. individuals with down syndrome can have an increased risk of ALL
3. bone marrow transplant is the best treatment to induce remission
4. children with five years of continuous remission are considered cured - ✔✔3. bone
marrow transplant is the best treatment to induce remission
✔✔Types of lymphadenopathy that usually indicate malignancy include which of the
following?
A. soft and/or tender nodes
B. nodes that are fixed to underlying disease
C. nodes that are less than 2 cm in diameter - ✔✔B. nodes that are fixed to underlying
disease
,✔✔What are the signs and symptoms that occur in all types of leukemia? - ✔✔fatigue
and shortness of breath resulting from anemia, bruising and bleeding as a result of
thrombocytopenia, fever or infection as a result of low numbers of normal white blood
cells
✔✔Describe the unfavorable factors that impact the prognosis of non-hodgkins
lymphoma. - ✔✔age over 60, lymphoma masses greater than 10 cm in size, abnormal
serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and T-cell phenotype
✔✔Important distinctions of lymphomas when compared to leukemias is that they are:
A. solid tumors
B. a malignant proliferation of white blood cells
C. the result of an acquired gene mutation in a white blood cell - ✔✔A. solid tumors
✔✔Unfavorable prognostic factors for non-hodgkins lymphoma include which of the
following:
A. masses greater than 10 cm in size
B. T-cell phenotype
C. diagnosis before age 60 - ✔✔A. masses greater than 10 cm in size
B. T-cell phenotype
✔✔Tests needed to diagnose a leukemia include which of the following:
A. complete blood count and differential analysis
B. bone marrow biopsy
C. lymph node biopsy - ✔✔A. complete blood counts and differential analysis
B. bone marrow biopsy
✔✔Which of the following statements about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is/are
correct?
A. it is the most common form of adult leukemia
B. incidence decrease at older ages
C. males are more likely to develop it than females - ✔✔A. it is the most common form
of adult leukemia
C. males are more likely to develop it than females
✔✔The prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma is less favorable with:
1. onset at younger age
2. the presence of "B" symptoms
3. early stage diagnosis
4. a nodular sclerosis subtype - ✔✔2. the presence of "B" symptoms
✔✔Targeted therapy drugs for cancer treatment include which of the following?
A. tyrosine kinase inhibitors
B. monoclonal antibodies
, C. cytotoxic chemotherapy - ✔✔A. tyrosine kinase inhibitors
B. monoclonal antibodies
✔✔Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
2. smoking
3. diabetes mellitus
4. low body mass index (BMI) - ✔✔4. low body mass index (BMI)
✔✔Describe potential countermeasures in the setting of known hereditary, cancer-
promoting genetic mutuations. - ✔✔hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC)-
hormonal tx, preventative mastectomy or oophorectomy, increased screening frequency
Lynch syndrome -early screening via colonoscopy or PAP/endometrial imaging
preventative colectomy
Familial adenomatous polyposis-increased screening via colonoscopy, preventative
colectomy
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2-monitoring by examination, imaging and lab tests
familial malignant melanoma-frequent skin examinations; photographs/biopsy of lesions
✔✔which of the following symptoms are potential warning signs of lung cancer?
A. cachexia
B. hemoptysis
C. stridor - ✔✔A. cachexia
B. hemoptysis
C. stridor
✔✔Explain the challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic
cancer. - ✔✔imaging can show cysts that can't definitely determine to be malignant.
surgery is not possible due to metastasis
✔✔When possible, the most effective method of liver cancer treatment is:
1. ablation
2. chemotherapy
3. radiation
4. surgical resection - ✔✔4. surgical resection
✔✔Explain how occult primary oropharyngeal cancers present, as well as their possible
origins. - ✔✔difficulty swallowing or changes in the quality or tone of voice, hemoptysis,
development of persistent masses
✔✔Explain how the incidence of cancer in the elderly impacts prognosis and mortality. -
✔✔less likely to survive surgery or tolerate long couse of chemo/radiation, chronic
diseases take longer to heal
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What tests are used to diagnose and confirm bone tumors in children? - ✔✔X-ray,
bone marrow, blood chemistry, MRI
✔✔Children who have undergone radiation therapy have a higher risk of: -
✔✔neuropsycholigical problems, lack of visual motor integration, short-term memory
deficits, sequencing ability, higher accident rate, hypochondriacal behavior, increased dr
visits, phobias
✔✔Radiation is the primary treatment for early state:
1. Hodgkin lymphoma
2. non-Hodgkin lymphoma
3. chronic myelogenious leukemia
4. chronic lymphocytic leukemia - ✔✔1. hodgkin lymphoma
✔✔All of the following statements regarding acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are
correct EXCEPT:
1. it is the most common form of childhood leukemia
2. individuals with down syndrome can have an increased risk of ALL
3. bone marrow transplant is the best treatment to induce remission
4. children with five years of continuous remission are considered cured - ✔✔3. bone
marrow transplant is the best treatment to induce remission
✔✔Types of lymphadenopathy that usually indicate malignancy include which of the
following?
A. soft and/or tender nodes
B. nodes that are fixed to underlying disease
C. nodes that are less than 2 cm in diameter - ✔✔B. nodes that are fixed to underlying
disease
,✔✔What are the signs and symptoms that occur in all types of leukemia? - ✔✔fatigue
and shortness of breath resulting from anemia, bruising and bleeding as a result of
thrombocytopenia, fever or infection as a result of low numbers of normal white blood
cells
✔✔Describe the unfavorable factors that impact the prognosis of non-hodgkins
lymphoma. - ✔✔age over 60, lymphoma masses greater than 10 cm in size, abnormal
serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and T-cell phenotype
✔✔Important distinctions of lymphomas when compared to leukemias is that they are:
A. solid tumors
B. a malignant proliferation of white blood cells
C. the result of an acquired gene mutation in a white blood cell - ✔✔A. solid tumors
✔✔Unfavorable prognostic factors for non-hodgkins lymphoma include which of the
following:
A. masses greater than 10 cm in size
B. T-cell phenotype
C. diagnosis before age 60 - ✔✔A. masses greater than 10 cm in size
B. T-cell phenotype
✔✔Tests needed to diagnose a leukemia include which of the following:
A. complete blood count and differential analysis
B. bone marrow biopsy
C. lymph node biopsy - ✔✔A. complete blood counts and differential analysis
B. bone marrow biopsy
✔✔Which of the following statements about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is/are
correct?
A. it is the most common form of adult leukemia
B. incidence decrease at older ages
C. males are more likely to develop it than females - ✔✔A. it is the most common form
of adult leukemia
C. males are more likely to develop it than females
✔✔The prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma is less favorable with:
1. onset at younger age
2. the presence of "B" symptoms
3. early stage diagnosis
4. a nodular sclerosis subtype - ✔✔2. the presence of "B" symptoms
✔✔Targeted therapy drugs for cancer treatment include which of the following?
A. tyrosine kinase inhibitors
B. monoclonal antibodies
, C. cytotoxic chemotherapy - ✔✔A. tyrosine kinase inhibitors
B. monoclonal antibodies
✔✔Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
2. smoking
3. diabetes mellitus
4. low body mass index (BMI) - ✔✔4. low body mass index (BMI)
✔✔Describe potential countermeasures in the setting of known hereditary, cancer-
promoting genetic mutuations. - ✔✔hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC)-
hormonal tx, preventative mastectomy or oophorectomy, increased screening frequency
Lynch syndrome -early screening via colonoscopy or PAP/endometrial imaging
preventative colectomy
Familial adenomatous polyposis-increased screening via colonoscopy, preventative
colectomy
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2-monitoring by examination, imaging and lab tests
familial malignant melanoma-frequent skin examinations; photographs/biopsy of lesions
✔✔which of the following symptoms are potential warning signs of lung cancer?
A. cachexia
B. hemoptysis
C. stridor - ✔✔A. cachexia
B. hemoptysis
C. stridor
✔✔Explain the challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic
cancer. - ✔✔imaging can show cysts that can't definitely determine to be malignant.
surgery is not possible due to metastasis
✔✔When possible, the most effective method of liver cancer treatment is:
1. ablation
2. chemotherapy
3. radiation
4. surgical resection - ✔✔4. surgical resection
✔✔Explain how occult primary oropharyngeal cancers present, as well as their possible
origins. - ✔✔difficulty swallowing or changes in the quality or tone of voice, hemoptysis,
development of persistent masses
✔✔Explain how the incidence of cancer in the elderly impacts prognosis and mortality. -
✔✔less likely to survive surgery or tolerate long couse of chemo/radiation, chronic
diseases take longer to heal
