NURS 6202 MIDTERM EXAM / APPROVED
NURS 6202 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE ACCURATE
EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES (A NEW UPDATED VERSION
2026 EDITION | GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+ |
FULL REVISED EXAM | BRAND NEW!)
1.A patient presents with cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of
microvilli. Which type of cellular injury is most likely occurring?
A. Irreversible injury
B. Reversible injury
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: B. Reversible injury
Rationale: Cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of microvilli are
hallmark features of reversible cell injury. In reversible injury, the cell
can recover if the offending stimulus is removed. Irreversible injury is
characterized by membrane rupture, nuclear changes (pyknosis,
karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and mitochondrial dysfunction.
,2.Failure of the sodium-potassium (Na⁺/K⁺) pump primarily leads to
which of the following?
A. Increased intracellular potassium
B. Cellular dehydration
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased ATP production
Correct Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump maintains intracellular sodium
concentration low and potassium concentration high. When the pump
fails due to hypoxia or ATP depletion, sodium accumulates inside the
cell, drawing water into the cell and causing cellular swelling—the
earliest manifestation of cell injury.
3.Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Correct Answer: C. Coagulative necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is the characteristic type of necrosis
seen in ischemic injury to solid organs such as the heart, kidney, and
spleen. The cellular architecture is preserved for several days due to
denaturation of structural proteins.
,4.A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus
presents to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea, and
diaphoresis. He is diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of AMI?
A. The coronary arteries are narrowed by atherosclerosis and
become occluded by a thrombus, resulting in ischemia and necrosis
of the myocardium.
B. The coronary arteries are dilated by vasospasm and become
obstructed by a plaque, resulting in hypoxia and apoptosis of the
myocardium.
C. The coronary arteries are inflamed by infection and become ruptured
by an aneurysm, resulting in hemorrhage and infarction of the
myocardium.
D. The coronary arteries are calcified by aging and become eroded by
ulceration, resulting in perforation and abscess of the myocardium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary artery
disease, which leads to AMI. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of
lipids, fibrous tissue, calcium, and inflammatory cells in the arterial
wall, forming plaques that reduce the lumen diameter and blood flow. A
thrombus forms on a plaque due to platelet aggregation and activation of
the coagulation cascade, which can completely or partially block the
coronary artery, depriving the myocardium of oxygen and nutrients.
Ischemia causes reversible cellular injury, while necrosis is the
irreversible death of cells due to severe or prolonged ischemia.
, 5.A 25-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) presents to the rheumatology clinic with joint pain, skin rash, and
fatigue. She is diagnosed with a flare-up of SLE and is given
corticosteroid therapy. Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of SLE?
A. SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system
produces antibodies against self-antigens, resulting in inflammation
and damage of various organs.
B. SLE is an infectious disorder in which the immune system is invaded
by microorganisms, resulting in infection and sepsis of various organs.
C. SLE is a genetic disorder in which the immune system inherits
defective genes, resulting in mutation and malignancy of various organs.
D. SLE is a metabolic disorder in which the immune system
accumulates toxic substances, resulting in intoxication and failure of
various organs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic
autoimmune disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance and the
production of autoantibodies (especially antinuclear antibodies).
Immune complexes deposit in tissues, activating complement and
causing inflammation that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart,
lungs, nervous system, and other organs. Corticosteroids help suppress
the inflammatory and immune responses during disease flares.
NURS 6202 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE ACCURATE
EXAM REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES (A NEW UPDATED VERSION
2026 EDITION | GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+ |
FULL REVISED EXAM | BRAND NEW!)
1.A patient presents with cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of
microvilli. Which type of cellular injury is most likely occurring?
A. Irreversible injury
B. Reversible injury
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: B. Reversible injury
Rationale: Cellular swelling, fatty changes, and loss of microvilli are
hallmark features of reversible cell injury. In reversible injury, the cell
can recover if the offending stimulus is removed. Irreversible injury is
characterized by membrane rupture, nuclear changes (pyknosis,
karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and mitochondrial dysfunction.
,2.Failure of the sodium-potassium (Na⁺/K⁺) pump primarily leads to
which of the following?
A. Increased intracellular potassium
B. Cellular dehydration
C. Cellular swelling
D. Increased ATP production
Correct Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump maintains intracellular sodium
concentration low and potassium concentration high. When the pump
fails due to hypoxia or ATP depletion, sodium accumulates inside the
cell, drawing water into the cell and causing cellular swelling—the
earliest manifestation of cell injury.
3.Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with
myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Correct Answer: C. Coagulative necrosis
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is the characteristic type of necrosis
seen in ischemic injury to solid organs such as the heart, kidney, and
spleen. The cellular architecture is preserved for several days due to
denaturation of structural proteins.
,4.A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus
presents to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea, and
diaphoresis. He is diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of AMI?
A. The coronary arteries are narrowed by atherosclerosis and
become occluded by a thrombus, resulting in ischemia and necrosis
of the myocardium.
B. The coronary arteries are dilated by vasospasm and become
obstructed by a plaque, resulting in hypoxia and apoptosis of the
myocardium.
C. The coronary arteries are inflamed by infection and become ruptured
by an aneurysm, resulting in hemorrhage and infarction of the
myocardium.
D. The coronary arteries are calcified by aging and become eroded by
ulceration, resulting in perforation and abscess of the myocardium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary artery
disease, which leads to AMI. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of
lipids, fibrous tissue, calcium, and inflammatory cells in the arterial
wall, forming plaques that reduce the lumen diameter and blood flow. A
thrombus forms on a plaque due to platelet aggregation and activation of
the coagulation cascade, which can completely or partially block the
coronary artery, depriving the myocardium of oxygen and nutrients.
Ischemia causes reversible cellular injury, while necrosis is the
irreversible death of cells due to severe or prolonged ischemia.
, 5.A 25-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) presents to the rheumatology clinic with joint pain, skin rash, and
fatigue. She is diagnosed with a flare-up of SLE and is given
corticosteroid therapy. Which statement best describes the
pathophysiology of SLE?
A. SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system
produces antibodies against self-antigens, resulting in inflammation
and damage of various organs.
B. SLE is an infectious disorder in which the immune system is invaded
by microorganisms, resulting in infection and sepsis of various organs.
C. SLE is a genetic disorder in which the immune system inherits
defective genes, resulting in mutation and malignancy of various organs.
D. SLE is a metabolic disorder in which the immune system
accumulates toxic substances, resulting in intoxication and failure of
various organs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic
autoimmune disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance and the
production of autoantibodies (especially antinuclear antibodies).
Immune complexes deposit in tissues, activating complement and
causing inflammation that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart,
lungs, nervous system, and other organs. Corticosteroids help suppress
the inflammatory and immune responses during disease flares.
