CMSRN CERTIFICATION EXAM PREP | 200 EXPERT-VERIFIED QUESTIONS COVERING ALL CORE TOPICS | DETAILED RATIONALES

CMSRN CERTIFICATION EXAM PREP | 200 EXPERT-VERIFIED QUESTIONS COVERING ALL CORE TOPICS | DETAILED RATIONALES 1. A patient with heart failure reports a sudden weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in 2 days. What is the nurse's priority action? A. Restrict all oral fluids immediately B. Administer a PRN dose of furosemide C. Assess for peripheral edema and auscultate lung sounds D. Notify the provider of the weight gain Correct Answer: C. Assess for peripheral edema and auscultate lung sounds Rationale: A rapid weight gain of 2 kg in 2 days indicates fluid retention, which may signal worsening heart failure. The nurse's priority is to perform a focused assessment, including checking for peripheral edema and auscultating lung sounds for crackles, to evaluate the patient's current status before any intervention. Notifying the provider and administering medications are important but should follow a thorough assessment. ________________________________________ 2. Which finding indicates decreased cardiac output in a patient with heart failure? A. Bounding peripheral pulses B. Warm, dry skin C. Decreased urine output D. Elevated blood pressure Correct Answer: C. Decreased urine output Rationale: Decreased cardiac output leads to reduced renal perfusion, which results in decreased urine output. Other signs include cool extremities, weak pulses, hypotension, and fatigue. ________________________________________ 3. What is the ideal intracranial pressure (ICP) rating? A. 15 B. 25 C. 35 D. 40 Correct Answer: A. 15 Rationale: Normal intracranial pressure is less than 20 mmHg. A reading of 15 mmHg is within the normal range. Sustained ICP above 20 mmHg requires intervention. ________________________________________ 4. A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which statement is correct regarding this patient's condition? A. The patient has less free hemoglobin B. Nitric oxide totals will drop C. Arterial pressure will remain unchanged D. Sildenafil may resolve blood-related concerns Correct Answer: B. Nitric oxide totals will drop Rationale: In sickle cell disease, hemolysis releases free hemoglobin, which scavenges nitric oxide, leading to decreased nitric oxide availability. This contributes to vasoconstriction and the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive crises. ________________________________________ 5. A patient with hepatitis C and significant liver damage may require which intervention? A. Antiviral medication B. Bedrest C. A liver transplant D. A blood transfusion Correct Answer: C. A liver transplant Rationale: When significant liver damage has occurred due to hepatitis C, the liver may be unable to function properly. A liver transplant may be necessary if the liver failure is severe and irreversible. ________________________________________ 6. Which form of hepatitis is transmitted by exposure to contaminated water or food? A. A B. B C. C D. D Correct Answer: A. A Rationale: Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically via contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood and body fluids. ________________________________________ 7. A patient with ascites is being evaluated. Which sign is commonly associated with ascites? A. High epinephrine levels B. Low plasma albumin levels C. High plasma oncotic levels D. Low blood pressure Correct Answer: B. Low plasma albumin levels Rationale: Low plasma albumin levels reduce plasma oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to leak into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in ascites. Cirrhosis is a common underlying cause. ________________________________________ 8. What makes CA-MRSA unique compared to HA-MRSA? A. It is acquired in a hospital B. It is transmitted through sex C. It is transmitted through blood transfusions D. It is acquired in the community Correct Answer: D. It is acquired in the community Rationale: Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is typically contracted outside healthcare settings, often presenting within 48 hours of admission. Hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) is associated with healthcare exposure. ________________________________________ 9. Foreign body aspiration involves an object lodged in which location? A. Larynx B. Trachea C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Correct Answer: C. Both A and B Rationale: Foreign body aspiration occurs when an object becomes lodged in the airway, which can include the larynx or trachea, potentially blocking airflow. ________________________________________ 10. A patient requires supplemental oxygen for a pulmonary treatment. Which statement is correct about the oxygen that must be administered? A. The oxygen must be consistent B. The pressure should be high C. The pressure should be low D. The oxygen must be fully humidified Correct Answer: D. The oxygen must be fully humidified Rationale: Humidification of oxygen is essential for pulmonary treatments to prevent drying of the respiratory mucosa and to facilitate effective gas exchange.