CMN 548 Introduction to PMHNP
Comprehensive Final Exam Guide
Module 1 – Collecting the Psychiatric History and Performing a Psychiatric
Assessment
1. Differentiate between primary,
secondary, and tertiary
prevention. What are some
examples of each?
- Primary: The goal is to protect
healthy people from developing
a disease or experiencing an
injury
o Education about good
nutrition, exercise,
dangers of tobacco,
alcohol, drugs, Regular
exams and screening
tests to monitor risk
factors for illness,
Education and legislation
about proper seatbelt and
helmet use
- Secondary: Interventions that
happen after an illness or
serious risk factors have already
been diagnosed. Goal is to slow
or stop progress of disease in
early stages; to limit long-term
disability and prevent re-injury
o Telling people to take daily,
low-dose aspirin to prevent
, a first or second heart
attack or stroke,
Recommending regular
exams and screening tests
in people with known risk
factors for illness, Providing
suitably modified work for
injured workers
- Tertiary: Focus on helping
people manage complicated,
long term health problems such
as diabetes, heart disease,
cancer and chronic
musculoskeletal pain. Goals
include preventing further
physical deterioration and
maximizing quality of life
o Cardiac or stroke
rehabilitation program,
Chronic pain management
program, Patient support
groups
2. What are some ways to
assess abstract
thinking?
- asking a proverb or asking to identify
, similarities between pairs of objects
3. Define autonomy,
beneficence,
confidentiality, and
nonmaleficence.
- Autonomy – respect for the
patient's right to self-
determination.
- Beneficence – the duty to 'do good'
o Beneficence is defined as
kindness and charity, which
requires action on the part
of the nurse to benefit
others. An example of a
nurse demonstrating this
ethical principle is by
holding a dying patient's
hand.
- Non-Maleficence – the duty to 'not do bad'.
Nonmaleficence is the obligation
of a physician not to harm the
patient. This simply stated
principle supports several moral
rules − do not kill, do not cause
pain or suffering, do not
incapacitate, do not cause
offense, and do not deprive
others of the goods of life.
Justice – to treat all people
equally and equitably
- Confidentiality: “the principle of
keeping secure and secret from
others, information given by or
about an individual in the course
of a professional relationship,”1
and it is the right of every
patient, even after death.
, 4. Define: flight of ideas,
clanging, neologisms,
circumstantiality, and
echolalia.
• Flight of ideas: Associative looseness
• The client may say sentence after
sentence, but each sentence
may relate to another topic,
and the listener is unable to
follow the client's thoughts.
• Clanging: speech in which word
choice is governed by word
sound rather than meaning;
word choice may show rhyming
or punning associations
• Neologisms: the creation of new "words"
• Circumstantiality: excessively
indirect speech; speech is liable
to be overinclusive and include
irrelevant detail
• Echolalia: The client repeats
the words spoken to him.
Clang association •
Meaningless rhyming of
words, often forceful, such
as, "Oh fox, box,
and lox."
Comprehensive Final Exam Guide
Module 1 – Collecting the Psychiatric History and Performing a Psychiatric
Assessment
1. Differentiate between primary,
secondary, and tertiary
prevention. What are some
examples of each?
- Primary: The goal is to protect
healthy people from developing
a disease or experiencing an
injury
o Education about good
nutrition, exercise,
dangers of tobacco,
alcohol, drugs, Regular
exams and screening
tests to monitor risk
factors for illness,
Education and legislation
about proper seatbelt and
helmet use
- Secondary: Interventions that
happen after an illness or
serious risk factors have already
been diagnosed. Goal is to slow
or stop progress of disease in
early stages; to limit long-term
disability and prevent re-injury
o Telling people to take daily,
low-dose aspirin to prevent
, a first or second heart
attack or stroke,
Recommending regular
exams and screening tests
in people with known risk
factors for illness, Providing
suitably modified work for
injured workers
- Tertiary: Focus on helping
people manage complicated,
long term health problems such
as diabetes, heart disease,
cancer and chronic
musculoskeletal pain. Goals
include preventing further
physical deterioration and
maximizing quality of life
o Cardiac or stroke
rehabilitation program,
Chronic pain management
program, Patient support
groups
2. What are some ways to
assess abstract
thinking?
- asking a proverb or asking to identify
, similarities between pairs of objects
3. Define autonomy,
beneficence,
confidentiality, and
nonmaleficence.
- Autonomy – respect for the
patient's right to self-
determination.
- Beneficence – the duty to 'do good'
o Beneficence is defined as
kindness and charity, which
requires action on the part
of the nurse to benefit
others. An example of a
nurse demonstrating this
ethical principle is by
holding a dying patient's
hand.
- Non-Maleficence – the duty to 'not do bad'.
Nonmaleficence is the obligation
of a physician not to harm the
patient. This simply stated
principle supports several moral
rules − do not kill, do not cause
pain or suffering, do not
incapacitate, do not cause
offense, and do not deprive
others of the goods of life.
Justice – to treat all people
equally and equitably
- Confidentiality: “the principle of
keeping secure and secret from
others, information given by or
about an individual in the course
of a professional relationship,”1
and it is the right of every
patient, even after death.
, 4. Define: flight of ideas,
clanging, neologisms,
circumstantiality, and
echolalia.
• Flight of ideas: Associative looseness
• The client may say sentence after
sentence, but each sentence
may relate to another topic,
and the listener is unable to
follow the client's thoughts.
• Clanging: speech in which word
choice is governed by word
sound rather than meaning;
word choice may show rhyming
or punning associations
• Neologisms: the creation of new "words"
• Circumstantiality: excessively
indirect speech; speech is liable
to be overinclusive and include
irrelevant detail
• Echolalia: The client repeats
the words spoken to him.
Clang association •
Meaningless rhyming of
words, often forceful, such
as, "Oh fox, box,
and lox."
