NSG 440 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NSG 440 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Babylonians - Answers established the need for hygiene Egyptians - Answers established pharmaceutical preparation, public drainage systems Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 - Answers established medical assistance for poor Public Health Service - Answers provided health care for seamen and protected seacoast cities from epidemics *most important federal public health agency today Shattuck Report - Answers established state health department and local health boards such as environmental sanitation Nightingale - Answers improved soldiers' health outcomes using a population-based approach that strengthened environmental conditions and nursing care William Rathbone - Answers founded first district nursing association in England *him and nightingale established district nursing and formalized training Settlement Houses - Answers neighborhood centers that became hubs for healthcare, education, and social welfare programs Lillian Wald - Answers established leader of public health nursing established henry street settlement American Red Cross - Answers provided framework to initiate home nursing care in areas outside larger cities *Lillian Wald created (i think) Occupational Health Nursing - Answers Ada Mayo Steward began working with employees and families of the Vermont Marble Company - free service for employees (obstetric care, sickness care, postsurgical care in workers home) Lina Rogers - Answers first US school nurse found children were absent from school not only because of illness, but lack of shoes or clothing and malnourishment Mary Breckinridge - Answers established frontier nursing focused on women's health geared toward improving the health care of the rural and inaccessible populations introduced first nurse midwives to the US Bessie Hawes - Answers first person to receive scholarship for National Health Circle for Colored People built a health center for nursing care and treatment Nursing for the Future - Answers Esther Lucile Brown recommended establishing basic nursing preparation colleges and universities Medicare - Answers benefits for older adults Medicaid - Answers increased care of the poor Social Security Act - Answers had to include Medicare and Medicaid Healthy People initiative - Answers national strategy to improve significantly the health of Americans by preventing or delaying the onset of major chronic illnesses, injuries, and infectious diseases Public Health Nursing - Answers practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences focus is on entire populations that have similar health concerns delivers all levels of preventions with preference to primary prevention Population focused practice - Answers emphasizes the promotion of health, the prevention of disease and disability, and the creation of conditions in which all people can be healthy Public Health Nursing Levels of Practice - Answers Community: PHN coordinate youth led adult supported social marketing campaigns intending to change community norms re: adolescent tobacco use Systems: PHN facilitate coalitions that advocate city councils to create stronger ordinances restricting over the counter youth access to tobacco Individual/family: PHN teach middle school chemical health classes that increase knowledge about risks of smoking, improve refusal skills in 12-14 age bracket Community Based - Answers "illness care" only focuses on individuals and families Community Oriented - Answers "health care" Provide health care to promote quality of life Aggregate - Answers collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common Subpopulation - Answers group within the larger population Levels of prevention - Answers Primary: health education program for a population of school-age children that teaches them about the effects of smoking on health Secondary: provides an influenza vaccination program in a community retirement village Tertiary: diabetes clinic for a defined adult population in a low-income housing unit of the community 3 Core Functions and Essential Services - Answers Assessment Policy Development Assurance Windshield Survey - Answers descriptive approach that assesses several community components by driving through a community How does the environment affect the community? What can we do from the outside to address the health of the population? Ethics - Answers Branch of philosophy that includes both body of knowledge about the moral life and process of reflection for determining what persons ought to do or be, regarding this life Ethical Decision Making - Answers making decisions in an orderly process that considers ethical principles, client values, and professional obligations; must address ethnic diversity and growing multiculturalism in American society Ethical Issues - Answers moral challenges facing our profession (e.g., how to prepare an adequate and competent workforce) Ethical Dilemmas - Answers puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action Utilitarianism - Answers ethical principle that focus on distributing resources that do the greatest good for the greatest number without harm Beneficence - Answers do good Nonmalificence - Answers to do no harm Distributive justice - Answers perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens in society based on the needs and contributions of its members three primary theories of distributive justice are egalitarian, libertarian, and liberal democratic Deontology - Answers nurses may conclude that the action is right or wrong in itself, regardless of the amount of good that might come from it adhering to moral rules or duty rather than to the consequences of the actions Respect for Autonomy - Answers autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another Nursing Code of Ethics - Answers Contains nine provisional statements that address the moral standards that delineate nursing's values, goals, and obligations Public Code of Ethics - Answers contains 12 statements that address the moral standards that delineate public health's values, goals, and obligations guides community health nurses into the Code of Ethics Legal Immigrant - Answers not a citizen but allowed to both live and work in the United States also known as lawful permanent residents Refugees - Answers admitted outside the usual quota restrictions based on fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, social group, or political views Nonimmigrant - Answers admitted to the United States for a limited duration and specific purpose (i.e., students, tourists) Unauthorized immigrant - Answers may have crossed the border illegally or legal permission expired; eligible only for emergency medical services Culture - Answers a set of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that are widely held among a group of people and that are transmitted across generations Race - Answers a biological designation whereby group members share features (e.g., skin color, bone structure, genetic traits such as blood groupings) Ethnicity - Answers shared feeling of peoplehood among a group of individuals