Neurobiology 5357 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!

Neurobiology 5357 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! 1. All of the following are true about the monoamine hypothesis except? a) It suffers from a lack of supporting findings b) It proposes deficiencies in 5-HT and NE in depressed patients c) It is often called a chemical imbalance d) It explains the delay in response seen with depression treatments - Correct Answer: It explains the delay in response seen with depression treatments 2. Postmortem studies in depressed patients have found all of the following except? a) diminished neuronal size b) reduced neurons in the hypothalamus c) thinning of the gray matter in certain regions d) reduced glial cells - Correct Answer: reduced neurons in the hypothalamus 3. Antidepressants may decrease depressive symptoms and improve neuronal survival through which of the following effects? a) Decrease glucocorticoids and decrease BDNF. b) Decrease glucocorticoids and increase BDNF. c) Increase glucocorticoids and increase BDNF. d) Increase glucocorticoids and decrease BDNF. - Correct Answer: Decrease glucocorticoids and increase BDNF. 4. Goals for effective treatment of depression include all of the following except? a) Awaken the prefrontal cortex b) Restore normal sleep architecture c) Protect the hippocampus d) Decrease HPA activity - Correct Answer: Awaken the prefrontal cortex 5. Which of the following interventions has not been shown to increase BDNF in animal models? a) Estrogen b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy c) Exercise d) Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Correct Answer: Cognitive behavioral therapy 6. Possible culprits in the etiology of depression include all of the following except? a) Cytotoxic effects of cortisol b) Insufficient limbic activity c) Genetic predisposition for sufficient nerve growth factors d) Disorganized prefrontal activity - Correct Answer: Insufficient limbic activity 7. One plausible explanation for antidepressant effectiveness is: a) restoring access to the DNA b) restoring 5HT and NE to their normal levels c) neuroprotective effects on mRNA d) removing methyl groups from scarred DNA - Correct Answer: restoring access to the DNA 8. The pathological mechanism of bipolar disorder is best described as: a) too much BDNF in subcortical structures b) excessive prefrontal activity in manic episodes and decreased activity during depressive episodes c) cortisol activation of excessive electrical activity d) None of the other answers - Correct Answer: None of the other answers 9. Which brain region may be associated with the cognitive impairment symptoms of depression? a) Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex b) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex c) Orbitofrontal cortex d) Basal Forebrain - Correct Answer: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex 10. Which of the following statements is true regarding neuroimaging findings of brain activation in depression? (Select all that apply) a) Depressed patients have inadequate recruitment of the hippocampus compared to non-depressed individuals b) Depressed patients have lower activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to non-depressed individuals c) Depressed patients have higher activity in the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to non-depressed individuals d) Depressed patients are unable to activate the orbitofrontal cortex efficiently compared to non-depressed individuals - Correct Answer: