NSG 530 Ch.12 Questions with Correct Answers
Musculoskeletal System
The body system consisting of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and connective
tissue.
Hematopoiesis
The process of blood cell production, which occurs in the bone marrow.
Minerals stored in bones
Calcium and phosphorus.
Functions of the musculoskeletal system
Movement, stability, structural support, organ protection, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis.
Bone marrow function
To produce blood cells through hematopoiesis.
Axial skeleton components
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton components
Arms, shoulders, pelvis, and legs.
Five types of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Periosteum
Dense connective tissue that covers bone surfaces.
, Functions of the periosteum
Protection, nourishment, and repair.
Osteoclasts
Cells that resorb old bone.
Osteoblasts
Cells that build new bone (osteoid).
Factors regulating bone remodeling
Cytokines, hormones, Vitamin D, and the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway.
Appositional growth
Bone growth that increases width.
Endochondral growth
Bone growth that results in the lengthening of long bones.
Cartilage
Tough, flexible connective tissue.
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, and fibrous.
Why does cartilage heal slowly?
It is avascular and aneural.
How is cartilage nourished?
By diffusion.
Musculoskeletal System
The body system consisting of bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and connective
tissue.
Hematopoiesis
The process of blood cell production, which occurs in the bone marrow.
Minerals stored in bones
Calcium and phosphorus.
Functions of the musculoskeletal system
Movement, stability, structural support, organ protection, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis.
Bone marrow function
To produce blood cells through hematopoiesis.
Axial skeleton components
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton components
Arms, shoulders, pelvis, and legs.
Five types of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Periosteum
Dense connective tissue that covers bone surfaces.
, Functions of the periosteum
Protection, nourishment, and repair.
Osteoclasts
Cells that resorb old bone.
Osteoblasts
Cells that build new bone (osteoid).
Factors regulating bone remodeling
Cytokines, hormones, Vitamin D, and the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway.
Appositional growth
Bone growth that increases width.
Endochondral growth
Bone growth that results in the lengthening of long bones.
Cartilage
Tough, flexible connective tissue.
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, and fibrous.
Why does cartilage heal slowly?
It is avascular and aneural.
How is cartilage nourished?
By diffusion.
