NSG 530 Test 2 Questions with Correct Answers
alveoli epithelial cells
Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure)
Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system?
A.Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
C.The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
Correct Answer: D
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located between the
lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three lobes, and
the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center
•Dorsal and ventral respiratory groups
•Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors
•Irritant receptors
•Stretch receptors
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors:
,Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle
ØScalene muscles
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport
Four steps
ØVentilation of the lungs
ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood
ØPerfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells
Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which disease
is associated with this condition?
A.Cystic fibrosis
B.Acute pneumonia
C.Sickle cell disease
D.Acute myocardial infarction
, A
This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of the
finger. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as bronchiectasis,
cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease.
Open pneumothorax
An open wound to the chest that allows air to enter the pleural space and cause lung collapse
tension pneumothorax
a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely high
intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels.
Spontaneous (primary) pneumothorax
Occurs in the absence of a traumatic injury to the chest or a known lung disease
secondary pneumothorax
Underlying lung disease leads to weakened small airways which collapse with respirations.
Pleural effusion
fluid in pleural space
ØTransudative (watery)
ØExudative (WBCs and plasma proteins)
ØHemothorax (blood)
ØEmpyema (pus)
Chylothorax (chyle)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
alveoli epithelial cells
Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure)
Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system?
A.Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
C.The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
Correct Answer: D
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located between the
lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three lobes, and
the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center
•Dorsal and ventral respiratory groups
•Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors
•Irritant receptors
•Stretch receptors
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors:
,Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle
ØScalene muscles
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport
Four steps
ØVentilation of the lungs
ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood
ØPerfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells
Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which disease
is associated with this condition?
A.Cystic fibrosis
B.Acute pneumonia
C.Sickle cell disease
D.Acute myocardial infarction
, A
This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of the
finger. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as bronchiectasis,
cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease.
Open pneumothorax
An open wound to the chest that allows air to enter the pleural space and cause lung collapse
tension pneumothorax
a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely high
intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels.
Spontaneous (primary) pneumothorax
Occurs in the absence of a traumatic injury to the chest or a known lung disease
secondary pneumothorax
Underlying lung disease leads to weakened small airways which collapse with respirations.
Pleural effusion
fluid in pleural space
ØTransudative (watery)
ØExudative (WBCs and plasma proteins)
ØHemothorax (blood)
ØEmpyema (pus)
Chylothorax (chyle)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
