NSG 530 Ch.7 Questions with Correct Answers
Kidneys
Filter blood, regulate fluid/electrolytes, acid-base balance, blood pressure, vitamin D
activation, and erythropoietin production.
Ureters
Transport urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis.
Bladder
Stores urine; stretch receptors trigger urge to void.
Urethra
Conducts urine out of the body.
Key Regulatory Functions
Fluid volume, blood pressure (RAAS, ADH, natriuretic peptides), waste excretion, acid-base
balance, and hormone synthesis (renin, EPO).
Glomerulus
The site of filtration in the nephron.
Tubules
The site of reabsorption and secretion in the nephron.
Collecting Ducts
Responsible for final urine concentration.
Glomerular Filtration
, Movement of plasma into Bowman's capsule.
Tubular Reabsorption
Return of needed solutes and water to the blood.
Tubular Secretion
Transfer of wastes and excess ions into the filtrate.
Requirements for normal urine production
Normal renal perfusion, functional glomeruli, and intact tubules for reabsorption/secretion.
Typical urine composition
Water, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, uric acid, metabolic by-products, and medications.
Urine elimination pathway
Kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra.
Bladder fills; stretch receptors activated around 200–300 mL
Signal to brain initiates voiding reflex
Relaxation of internal & external sphincters allows urination
Volume that triggers the voiding reflex
200-300 mL (activates bladder stretch receptors).
Normal bladder capacity
Approximately 300-500 mL.
Age-related renal changes
Kidneys
Filter blood, regulate fluid/electrolytes, acid-base balance, blood pressure, vitamin D
activation, and erythropoietin production.
Ureters
Transport urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis.
Bladder
Stores urine; stretch receptors trigger urge to void.
Urethra
Conducts urine out of the body.
Key Regulatory Functions
Fluid volume, blood pressure (RAAS, ADH, natriuretic peptides), waste excretion, acid-base
balance, and hormone synthesis (renin, EPO).
Glomerulus
The site of filtration in the nephron.
Tubules
The site of reabsorption and secretion in the nephron.
Collecting Ducts
Responsible for final urine concentration.
Glomerular Filtration
, Movement of plasma into Bowman's capsule.
Tubular Reabsorption
Return of needed solutes and water to the blood.
Tubular Secretion
Transfer of wastes and excess ions into the filtrate.
Requirements for normal urine production
Normal renal perfusion, functional glomeruli, and intact tubules for reabsorption/secretion.
Typical urine composition
Water, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, uric acid, metabolic by-products, and medications.
Urine elimination pathway
Kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra.
Bladder fills; stretch receptors activated around 200–300 mL
Signal to brain initiates voiding reflex
Relaxation of internal & external sphincters allows urination
Volume that triggers the voiding reflex
200-300 mL (activates bladder stretch receptors).
Normal bladder capacity
Approximately 300-500 mL.
Age-related renal changes
